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Below you will find an article on Vocabulary Development in Young Children. This is a copy of an article from a newspaper in Australia that was

found using the Lexis Nexus database. Please read this article, and think about ways that you would increase the vocabulary of a toddler. Why

is size of vocabulary important?
The Age (Melbourne, Australia)

Love for literature;

BABIES & TODDLERS

BYLINE: Leith Young

SECTION: SUPPLEMENT; Pg. 4

Reading is a critical part of literacy development and it’s never too early to start, writes Leith Young.

Babies begin to recognize the sight of books and the sounds of your reading. They start learning language from the day they’re born.

Strong evidence shows that the more young children are talked to, the more words they will acquire, and the greater their language skills by

the time they start school.

Young children who hear lots of words and are encouraged to communicate develop a richer vocabulary. One study highlighted the difference

between the way families talk, with the most talkative parents speaking 2000 words an hour to their children, compared with others who used 600

words an hour. Results clearly showed that children’s vocabularies grew faster, and they scored higher in IQ tests, when their parents talked

to them often.

“Talk” happens in many ways – repeating and responding to baby babble, telling stories, chanting rhymes, singing, conversations and, of course,

reading.

Reading is a critical part of literacy development and it’s never too early to introduce. If you’ve ever simply turned pages of a picture book

for a baby, you’ve seen the little legs stiffen with excitement, eyes widen, tongue poke out and arms wave about. However, the Australian

Bureau of Statistics (ABS) cites recent research ito parents’ understanding of the importance of reading to very young children that found more

than a quarter of parents are not aware of the benefits.

Dr Beverley Bennett, a paediatrician with the Child Development Unit at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, says literacy and language are

intimately bound. “There’s a strong relationship between literacy skills early on and better academic achievement at school, self-esteem and

job opportunities later on.” Ideally, this starts from birth, she says. “With new babies, it’s talking to them, singing songs, telling little

stories, having those quiet, close times together. Then bringing in actual books from four to six months.”

The Raising Children Network says the average child learns the meanings of about 1000 words a year from birth to the start of school. Complex

connections in the developing brain, used for thinking, learning and language, form during these years. Activities such as talking, singing and

reading enhance the development of this rich network of connections. Reading to toddlers also sets the foundations for independent reading

later on.

What about screens? We’ve all seen toddlers being “babysat” with computers, mobile phones and televisions, even at family dinners where others

are talking. “It’s the way we use these devices with them that’s important,” Dr Bennett says. “If we just use them to keep a child contained,

that’s a problem, they’re best used as a tool to explore learning and reading together, with limits on screen time.

“Computers can be great for learning and, it’s the shared experience that’s important. You can get many small animated and interactive

activities online that encourage reading and promote literacy – even well-known books like Dr. Seuss can be brought to life as animated and

interactive stories on the computer.”

Evidence also shows that making reading part of a child’s everyday experiences is excellent for developing literacy. A shopping trip, for

example, can be used to read signs and labels on food packets.

And reading can also help with behavioural difficulties, such as getting toddlers to sleep. “A lot of parents have enormous problems getting

children to bed,” Dr Bennett says.

LOAD-DATE: March 27, 2014

Copyright 2014 The Age Company Limited

All Rights Reserved

Kennewick Man

Please read the story of Kennewick Man. After reading about the Kennewick Man, please watch the Youtube video regarding the skeletal remains. The link can be found below. After reading about the debate and watching the video, please write an essay in response to this prompt.

Who deserves to attain the rights to Kennewick Man? The Native Americans or the scientists? Why do you believe your selected party should have the rights to Kennewick Man?

The essay should be at least 1000 words.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jg28ww5IaXY

Is putting all retirement savings in a tax deferred account the best choice for everyone? Use info given below and other resources if you want.

Individual and Employee Sponsored Accounts

Employer Sponsored Retirement Accounts
SEP IRA Simplified Employee Pension plans
Available to any employer or sole proprietor, though suited for smaller businesses, a SEP offers many of the tax benefits of the qualified

plans — with fewer administrative expenses.
• SEP contributions are discretionary and can be up to 25% of pay for each eligible employee.
• Participant contributions are not allowed.
• All employer contributions are made to IRAs for the benefit of the eligible employees and are 100% immediately vested.
• Contributions and earnings grow tax-deferred until the money is withdrawn by the participant.
• Employer contributions are deductible business expenses.
• Plans are easy to set up and administer, with minimum paperwork and no complex IRS reporting requirements.
SIMPLE IRAs Savings Incentive Match Plans for Employees
A SIMPLE IRA is a retirement plan for small businesses with fewer than 100 employees.
• The company must either match participant contributions (dollar for dollar up to 3% of pay) or make a contribution of 2% of pay

for all eligible participants.
• Contributions are 100% immediately vested.
• Certain notices must be provided annually to eligible employees.
• Employer match is a tax-deductible business expense.
• Plans are low cost, and easy to set up and administer with no complex IRS reporting requirements.
401(k) plans
A 401(k) plan allows employees to contribute a portion of their pretax salary to a tax-deferred retirement plan. Some plans may offer a Roth

option, in which case employees’ Roth contributions are taxed upfront; these contributions grow tax-deferred and are tax and penalty free when

taken in a qualified withdrawal.
• Some companies provide a matching contribution as an extra incentive for the participants to contribute.
• In-service distributions for certain hardships can be allowed, or participants can take in-service distributions starting at

age 59–1/2.
• Participant deferrals do not count toward the deductible limits.
• Matching contributions may be subjected to a vesting schedule. Both participant and employer-matching contributions are subject

to discrimination testing.
• Employer contributions and match (if any) are deductible business expenses.
If you’re self-employed, a Solo 401(k) is an option. It offers many of the same advantages of a 401(k), including flexible contributions and

the ability to take loans. Plus, setup costs are low and it can cover you and a spouse.
403(b) plans
A 403(b) is a tax-favored retirement plan for employees of school systems, nonprofit hospitals, religious organizations and other tax-exempt

employers [known as 501(c)(3) organizations].
• Participants can make pretax or Roth contributions and some organizations match these contributions.
• Similar to a 401(k) plan, participant contributions are 100% immediately vested, but matching contributions may be subjected to

a vesting schedule (not available under the American Funds custodial agreement).
• 403(b) programs that are subject to ERISA have to file form 5500.
• Similar to a 401(k), matching contributions may be subject to discrimination testing (does not apply to government or church

plans)

Retirement Planning Strategies
Saving for retirement may likely be the last thing on your mind, but it shouldn’t be. Retirement savings should be started as early as

possible. Saving now will earn you more from interest over time. Also, saving early will give you more time to recover from any investment

losses. Remember what we learned in the time value of money lesson. Unfortunately very few young people think of retirement planning.
Also, it is difficult to accurately predict how much you will need for retirement and how long you will spend in retirement because there are

so many variables. Many things can alter a retirement plan such as beginning a family, starting a career, or a disabling accident may force

you to change your financial plans. This is all the more reason it is important to start planning and saving early. Building a retirement

plan in your budget will help you stay on course. Just budget like another bill you must pay every month. Remember budgeting allows you take

a close look at your expenses and helps you determine how much you can contribute to your retirement savings. Making it a long term goal will

help in determining how much you need to save each month.
Everyone should be putting something away for retirement, even if it’s only $100 a month. You’re still creating a habit of saving. The

earlier you start saving, the more money you’ll save. The later you start, the more money you’ll have to save later.

 

Now that you have completed the analysis of the article you selected from Rereading America in 2, #1, please prepare a
one-to- three paragraph essay that discusses the value of this article and share it with your classmates. You may have to
conduct some research beyond this article. This short essay must do the following:
Introduce the author (and his or her title-New York Times journalist? Stanford professor? Cleveland physician?) and
the title of the article.
Make a judgment about the articles value in a thesis (or topic sentence if this essay is just one paragraph)
Identify at least one standard you have used to help you make your judgment: for example, does the author rely on
academic sources to support his or her claims? Is it developed with compelling examples or evidence?
Provide an example or examples or evidence from the article that supports your thesis-
Provide closure with an appropriate conclusion
Provide a work cited entry for the article. Because you are taking this article from our textbook, please use the model
for an essay from an anthology. You will find it on page 540, model #11.
After submitting this paragraph in this assignment box for my comments, please post it in the forum for Week2, #5 below and
provide a reaction to at least two other students’ posts. You might, for instance, comment on the significance their article has
to the community in which you live-

 

Methodology Chapter of the master thesis. Please dwell on the following points.

Research Philosophy: Constructivism (subjectivism)

Research design: In order to answer the research question, we first examine how different theoretical streams contribute to understanding the possible effects that risk can have on the business strategies of the small companies, and particularly here we are interested in their internationalization process, furthermore, we are interested to know how already existing internationalization strategies explain this process in the context of the Danish start-ups. We give an overview over the existing literature strains and develop the theoretical propositions, which are then tested empirically on the collected data.

We opted for using an adaptive rather than closed research design. (Yin, 2014).

Qualitative research design is chosen.

Case study method is used to answer the research question. The unit of analysis is internationalization process of Danish start-ups, and the focus of analysis is to evaluate the risk impact on this process, on the one hand, and see how the internationalization theories explain it, on the other hand.

Research limitations: Limited access to information
Subjectivity of respondents and authors
Relatively short period of time to analyze a rather lengthy process of internationalization.

Research Purpose: Explorative

Research Approach: Deductive (vs. inductive)

Case study as a method

Data Collection: Primary data (interviews)
Secondary data: internet sources available to gather data about the case companies, linkedin, personal contacts
Operationalization: (interview questionnaire design + data analyzing method)
Structured interviews as a data collecting method.

In data processing the thematic analysis is followed which is a qualitative form of analysis described by Yin (2014). First of all, based on the theoretical overview, we singled out the theme clusters, which guide the research and data collection. Based on the main theme clusters the interview questions were composed. The interview questions are divided into 4 categories. The categories are based on the theoretical themes that were singled out according to the theoretical review.
After the interviews were performed, they were transcribed. We use transcription as a way to analyse our data. According to Gibson and Brown (2009), transcription is a way of analytically working through some problem. Methodical transcribing leads to insights that in turn shape how we choose to represent an interview narrative in our text. “Transcription enables researchers to focus on data, and to draw out particularly relevant features of it” (p. 111). After the transcription of the interviews, the analysis was performed in order to answer the two RQs.

Quality of research

Method criticism

Document summarization is the technique of identifying and extracting important information from text documents. The output of the document summarization is usually significantly smaller than original document and is not longer than half of the original document under any circumstances. In this assignment you are required to do the following tasks:

1. Summarization Algorithms: Discuss at least three document summarization technique.

2. Implementation of summarization algorithm: Implement one of the document summarization techniques using Perl, Java or Python. Optionally you can use automatic summarization tool such as Mead [http://www.summarization.com/mead/]

3. Results: Rate the summarization of text produced by program/tool. Present the summarization
results.

Report Guideline:

A “standard” experimental AI paper consists of the following sections:

1. Introduction
Motivate and abstractly describe the problem you are addressing and how you are addressing it. What is the
problem? Why is it important? What is your basic approach? A short discussion of how it fits into related
work in the area is also desirable. Summarize the basic results and conclusions that you will present.
2. Problem Definition and Algorithm
2.1 Task Definition
Precisely define the problem you are addressing (i.e. formally specify the inputs and outputs). Elaborate on
why this is an interesting and important problem. Include a simple specific example, providing the I/O
showing how the output is related to the input specifying the desired/achieved properties of the output
illustrating the basic terms used.

2.2 Algorithm Definition
Describe in reasonable detail the algorithm (rules) you are using to address this problem. A pseudo-code
description of the algorithm you are using is frequently useful. Trace through a concrete example, showing
how your algorithm processes this example. The example should be complex enough to illustrate all of the
important aspects of the problem but simple enough to be easily understood. If possible, an intuitively
meaningful example is better than one with meaningless symbols.

3. Experimental Evaluation
3.1 Methodology
What are criteria you are using to evaluate your method? What specific hypotheses does your experiment
test? Describe the experimental methodology that you used. What are the dependent and independent
variables? What is the training/test data that was used, and why is it realistic or interesting? Exactly what
performance data did you collect and how are you presenting and analyzing it? Comparisons to competing
methods that address the same problem are particularly useful.
3.2 Results
Present the quantitative results of your experiments. Graphical data presentation such as graphs and
histograms are frequently better than tables. What are the basic differences revealed in the data? Are they
statistically significant?
3.3 Discussion
Is your hypothesis supported? What conclusions do the results support about the strengths and weaknesses
of your method compared to other methods? How can the results, be explained in terms of the underlying
properties of the algorithm and/or the data.

4. Related Work
Answer the following questions for each piece of related work that addresses the same or a similar problem.
What is their problem and method? How is your problem and method different? Why is your problem and
method better?
5. Future Work
What are the major shortcomings of your current method? For each shortcoming, propose additions or
enhancements that would help overcome it.
6. Conclusion
Briefly summarize the important results and conclusions presented in the paper. What are the most
important points illustrated by your work? How will your results improve future research and applications
in the area?
Bibliography & Citations
Be sure to include a standard, well-formatted, comprehensive bibliography with citations from the text
referring to previously published papers in the scientific literature that you utilized or are related to your
work

 

The Early Republic and the American Civil War
Introduction:
The adoption of the Constitution in 1787 established a strong federal government for the United States and codified the principles of a country that balanced the interests of divergent political, social, religious, and economic groups. The logistical necessities of organizing these interests on a federal level contributed to the establishment of national political parties during George Washington’s first term in office. Though President Washington warned of the dangers of factionalism in his farewell address, the advantages these organizations possessed for achieving their policy goals made parties an integral part of the political system. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States experienced a period of tremendous territorial expansion. The challenges resulting from the spread of political and social institutions—most notably, slavery—across the continent deepened sectional divisions into a national crisis by the 1850s. The Civil War was the bloodiest conflict in American history, and the war and its aftermath profoundly altered the political, social, and economic characteristics of the United States.

In this assessment, you will explain the characteristics of the First Party System in the United States and its legislative consequences. You will also examine the growth of the sectional divisions in the United States during the nineteenth century leading up to the outbreak of the Civil War.

Requirements:
A. Explain (suggested length of 1–2 paragraphs) the reasons for the rise of partisan politics in the Early Republic (i.e., major conflicts and concerns, development of the First Party System).

B. Discuss the development of the Second Party System (suggested length of 1–2 pages) by doing the following:
1. Compare the platforms of the Whig and Democratic parties.

Note: You may include both similarities and differences of the two parties.

2. Describe the leaders and constituents that defined each party.
3. Explain how the Second Party System contributed to increased democratization of American politics.

C. Discuss the major movements and events that led to the Civil War (suggested length of 2 pages) by doing the following:
1. Explain the pro-slavery and abolitionist arguments of the antebellum period.
2. Describe the role of westward expansion in increasing sectional tensions.
3. Evaluate how three major events (e.g., significant legislation, territorial conflicts, court cases, political debates) contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War.

D. Provide acknowledgement of source information, using in-text citations and references, for quoted, paraphrased, or summarized content.
1. Include the following information when providing source references:
• author
• date
• title
• location of information (e.g., publisher, journal, or website URL)

 

History and Philosophy

Assignment

1. Write a short essay (5 to 6 pages double spaced) on one of the following:

a). Select a time in Western European or North American history which interests you. Summarize the state of herbal medicine at that time, and the

factors that were influencing changes. Due to the shortness of the essay, try to focus on a narrow period of time and a specific location.

or

b). Select a person who influenced the development of Western herbal medicine, and describe their work, and how they contributed to herbalism.

Remember to include appropriate references. More than one reference must be used.

Written assignments may be submitted in Word, WordPerfect or PDF formats. All assignments should be completed in a standard font, such as Times New

Roman or Arial. Font size 12. Double spacing.

 

Communication Climate
Communication is the grease which makes relationships in organizations run smoothly, and by extension, directly affects the effectiveness of the

organization itself. Communication climate refers to the mood or tone of interpersonal communications and determines in great part how people feel about

each other and how they carry out their work activities. Thus, communication climate has a great deal of influence over the organizational climate or

general atmosphere of the work environment. Read the following blog about what it is like to work in a defensive climate:
Dukes, A.J. (2012). Defensive v Supportive Climates in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://scom320class.blogspot.com/2012/07/defensive-v-supportive-

climates-in.html
As you can see from this blog entry, defensive climates create a situation where employees do not raise work concerns, or communicate their needs. They are

careful about what they say and guard their opinions. Frequently they exhibit low motivation.
Supportive climates, on the other hand, encourage employee participation and engagement, an open exchange of information, and constructive conflict.

Employees who work in supportive environments often exhibit greater organizational commitment, an attitude cited as highly desirable in Module 1.
The Communication Climate Inventory was developed as a means of measuring the degree of supportiveness and defensiveness in an organization. For this SLP,

take the inventory and score your organization’s communication climate using the scale below. Take the Communication Climate Inventory.
Defensive Score

Supportive Score

SLP Assignment
Compose a 2- to 3-page blog like the one you read for this SLP, describing the climate in your organization, department, or team. Do not use the actual

name of the organization – you can make up a pseudonym. Include the following in your description:
Is the climate supportive or defensive? Does this align with the results of your Communication Climate Inventory? Attach your Inventory results as an

appendix. (Note: This appendix requirement will likely increase your paper’s Turnitin similarity score; your professor is aware of this.)
How does the communication climate affect motivation and organizational/team commitment?
How could you improve the communication climate in your organization, department, or team?
What communication skills would you like to learn or improve on in order to create a supportive communication climate?
Be sure to support your analysis with concepts and principles introduced in the background readings on communication as well as conflict and teams (if

appropriate). You may also incorporate outside research to supplement the background material. Cite all sources properly.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Your paper will be evaluated using the criteria as stated in the SLP rubric. The following is a review of the rubric criteria:
Assignment-Driven: Does the paper fully address all aspects of the assignment? Is the assignment addressed accurately and precisely using sound logic? Does

the paper meet minimum length requirements?
Critical Thinking: Does the paper demonstrate graduate-level analysis, in which information derived from multiple sources, expert opinions, and assumptions

has been critically evaluated and synthesized in the formulation of a logical set of conclusions? Does the paper address the topic with sufficient depth of

discussion and analysis?
Business Writing: Is the essay logical, well organized and well written? Are the grammar, spelling, and vocabulary appropriate for graduate-level work? Are

section headings included? Are paraphrasing and synthesis of concepts the primary means of responding, or is justification/support instead conveyed through

excessive use of direct quotations?
Effective Use of Information: Does the submission demonstrate that the student has read, understood and can apply the background materials for the module?

If required, has the student demonstrated effective research, as evidenced by student’s use of relevant and quality (library?) sources? Do additional

sources used provide strong support for conclusions drawn, and do they help in shaping the overall paper?
Citing Sources: Does the student demonstrate understanding of APA Style of referencing, by inclusion of proper citations (for paraphrased text and direct

quotations) as appropriate? Have all sources (e.g., references used from the Background page, the assignment readings, and outside research) been included,

and are these properly cited? Have all sources cited in the paper been included on the References page?
Timeliness: Has the assignment been submitted to TLC (Trident’s learning management system) on or before the module’s due date?

 

 

 

Purpose
The purpose of this assignment is for you to test society’s values
and norms by breaking a social norm (being deviant within the
limits of the law) or breaking a societal norm by paying it
forward.
Examples
Deviance
Getting on an elevator and facing the back wall
Staring down at people while going up an elevator
Wearing a onesie in public and dancing around
Any behavior that would be considered “abnormal” in
pubhc
Pay it forward
0 Handout out camations in a parking lot
Leaving a sign on someone’s window that makes them
smile
Any other random act of kindness
Requirements
1. 1-2 pages, double-spaced, times new roman, 12 pt font
2. Summarize the following
3. Various ideas (brainstorming) of possible norms that
you could break
b. Explain how you felt going into this experiment
c. Describe what you decided to do and why
(1. Describe how people reacted
e. Analyze the reactions of the people around you

i. Were you surprised at how they reacted?

ii. Why do you think they reacted or did not react
the way they did?

iii. What conclusions, if any, can you come to
about the structure of society based on your
experiment? Or are they inconclusive? lf
inconclusive, what further research would you
have to do?