Home TP

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

The research question that was paused by Milgram showed the centrality of the research that he was undertaking. Indeed, if the research questions guides any literary discourse within the framework of ethical research and human dignity not withstanding, the approach used by Milgram was sufficiently justifiable and timely, given the magnitude of the goings-on then. While the research would have raised salient human rights questions, the research and such critical researches today are dully justifiable.

It is indeed clear that the Milgram Experiment raises a number of ethical concerns; however, the critics seem to have been much lopsided in their approach and overrode the positive implications of the Milgram Experiment.  The research reveals that contrary to commonly held beliefs, the personality of the sample can impact largely on the obedience of the persons and not necessarily the coercion. Besides, the research shades sufficient light on the issue that social behaviour is also critical in the obedience of the individuals.

According to Milgram the research was supported by 84% of the participants and only 1% of the participants felt deprived (Milgram, p 377). Going by this outcome it emerges that for as long as the intent of the experiment is to support the livelihood of man, then such research should be justified and given a green light. Realising that the research was intended to support survival by man, the participants felt content that they in fact participated in the research.

The research had critical human implication both on psychological reinforcement and administrative principles. Ideally, the source of the power is what reinforces the occurrence an activity. Supervision as methods of ensuring activities are carried out in the right manner is seen as very applicable and feasible without necessary intimidation. Clearly, the presence of an authoritative figure increases dramatically the compliance in the accomplishment of duties.

Shamoo & Resnik the objective of the research should guide the demonization of the research that is to be conducted (Shamoo & Resnik, 2009, p 47). Within the research proposal the researcher should cleared state the essence of the research. According to Milgram the argument that participants accepted the research participation because it had been sponsored by Yale University is cleared protracted and baseless (Milgram, p 375). If the research proves beyond doubt that the experiment is safe, research with positive human implications should be allowed to go on.

Research should always identify the research population appropriately and most importantly, the research sample selected randomly. Milgram ardently met these critical criteria and had all the research samples selected in a random manner. This shows that the research was dully empirical and scientific with objective that would help leverage scientific and psychological questions.  Clearly if the supervising authority is not friendly, the execution of duties would be impeded.

The Milgram experiment shows in essence that there are very few chores that will have the least pressure; consequently, human being will always experience some pressure of some magnitude regardless of the task (Milgram, p 371). Subsequent, some pressure of pain of some level will be experienced within an experiment and for as long as the sample population are not forced and are willing, any research will be justified provided the research does pose some danger to the population.

In the words of Persaud it is possible that the variation of the situation would impact on the personality and thereby swaying the obedience level (Persaud, p 20). Besides, the obedience level would still be influenced by external and internal factors. The factors would range from temperament to the beliefs of the individual. The experiment carried out by Milgram open the discourse on the ideal determinant of character and the obedience at the workplace replete of the ethical standards. If this research was carried out today, it could have been shrouded in utter controversy; yet the lessons learnt from the research have much utility and dully in application.

If the Milgram experiment was to be carried out today, it would have fallen prey to a number of legal research requirements. Firstly, the research participants were not ardently informed on what exactly as being researched. It was incumbent on Milgram to ensure that the research had hypothesis that could be tested. Consequent, according to Blass the research participants seemed to distressed despite the fact that when asked at the end of the research, a substantive number 84% showed that they were glad that they had taken part except 1% that utterly felt deprived (Blass, p 68). Besides, the research was made to appear to the research participants that it had met the minimum research requirements.

According to Blass the use of human being in research has for example been forbidden in research by the federal government (Blass, p 402). The use of persons in the research not only went against the rights of the individual but again the ethics in research. The state of the whole research was also very questionable given that there was pain that was inflicted on the research participants. While the research was not dangerous, the infliction of pain is not justifiable under whatever circumstances. The trauma that participants experienced is exposed in their response to whether they could have continued if they were offered a chance.

Research ethics require that the research is very honest. However it is evident that the Milgram research was disguised under the name of the Yale University hence making the general public believe that the research was both legal and satisfied by the requisite authorities. Some of the information used by Milgram seems to have been fabricated falsified and misinterpreted to convince the research participants to take part in the experiment. The administration of the university seems to have equally been put in the dark over the goings-on of the research.

Bass argues that the research lacked some objectivity to a reasonable extent (Blass, 407). The decisions that were made by Milgram were utterly one-sided and done without consulting with both the administration and the research participants. The data collected from the research should be shared with the interested parties. The research method and approach exhibited by Milgram apparently seems inclined towards privacy and monopoly of the findings thereto.

The research would have not been carried out today because it because it does lack consistency of thought that would have been exhibited through the use. The sincerity shown by Milgram is far from that expected from the research ethical fraternity. The confidentiality of the research was not upheld by Milgram and this goes against the present research ethics.

Conclusion

In conclusion the research carried out by Milgram had critical objectives that could have been used in pursuing pertinent administrative, management and psychological issues. However, the research could not adequately measure to the standards of research and the legal requirements. While it is appreciable that the research opened research into the relationship between obedience and the presence of authority, it was utterly flawed in terms of the research ethics.

Consequently, the need for the administration of the day to be informed on the goings-on under their areas of jurisdiction is put to disrepute here. The Yale University seems to have remained in the dark as Milgram undertook a traumatising process on the research sample. This goes against the rights of the participants who were entitled to personal consent which was clearly not sought. Where an impression was created to this effect it was dishonestly presented to the participants.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

Unfortunately very few of the people in my area are like me. Mexican albinos have been over the years been treated with much skepticism. Perhaps what the Mexican albinos go through is the real extreme of racial segregations. Like the discrimination that was experienced in South Africa over colour bring about apartheid. Take the Tanzania case where the Mexican albinos have been butchered in the name of harnessing concoctions from their skin. This has exposed the form of racism never given attention hitherto.

Leaders within the community treat the Mexican albinos as though there are non existent. Yet these very Mexican albinos are urged to vote for these very leaders. As societies talk of disfranchised groups the Mexican albinos remain at the periphery of any such marginalised groups.  We Mexican albinos have been treated as less human replete of the fact that it is only their skin colour that sets them apart as different. According Palmer (Palmer, p 80) studies have shown that despite their colour pigment lack their mental capacity is similar in all aspects to that of persons with requisite skin pigments.
Mexican albinos have been associated with inhuman superstition across different nation in the world. This has made the Mexican albinos to suffer both from public discrimination and individual discriminations. They have been deprived and denied certain human rights because of being Mexican albinos. Some Mexican albinos have been victims of violence so as to get rid of them from society. In some communities Mexican albinos are killed at birth. As if this reprimand is not sufficient those who harbour albinism child are regarded with the least respect and as infidels or as damned.

Apparently even institutions that happen to take keen interest in the rights of humanity have very limited literature on my likes. It has emerged that it is only in this 21^st century that attention of on the rights of the Mexican albinos seem to be increasing in Africa. Government have done the least to protect us yet we ardently vote. Unfortunately the African continent has never had an albino being elected into elective national positions. Trofimov finds this as sufficient show that the Mexican albinos are most discriminated. While it would be argued that there has been discrimination of black Americans, one of the Mexican albinos will take it misplaced arguing along this line.

While Mexican albinos have no race preserve, they have remained to be very discriminated across the globe. Like the poor who have suffered marginalization throughout the world, Mexican albinos seem to be more threatened than the poor people are. The poor have not been killed for being this, but have been denied opportunities for being poor. We Mexican albinos on the other hand can have been not only discriminated when it comes to accessing opportunities but also killed for flimsy reasons.

In Ghana for example, it has been believed that Mexican albinos are less human and they don’t attend to the call of nature. Across most of the African states Mexican albinos have been believed to be good for carrying out rituals. It is these believe that has put our lives at risk because people have to get our skins for the rituals. Yet the least has been done towards the protection of our rights. This is the segment of society that is given precautionary attentions after a tragedy.

Recommendations have been made towards mystification of albinism as an international human right violation to no avail. While extreme cases have been found to be rampant in Africa, it is evident that the stigmatisation of Mexican albinos is a world wide challenge. Ignorance has always been demonised for being used as a defence yet it is argued that the pervasiveness of the practises in Africa have been triggered by the same ignorance. The entire stigmatisations according to Lordwick is not reserved to a few members of society, but has been found to be perpetuated by all members of society who do not have albinism traits. Members of society make us feel very unwanted through sidelining us and making us feel out of place. By any feasible standards the misbehavior of the public towards us is equivocal and tantamount to racism; ideally racism.

We Mexican albinos are treated as lesser equally in employment, access to health and even in marriage. We are not allowed to fall in love with the ‘normal’. In Ghana, on the serving president between the years of 1972 and 1978 gave the segregation of Mexican albinos any due attention. He has gone ahead to support the course even out of office through petitioning the government to address the issue. Unfortunately the past government have paid the least attention to these petitions. Apparently even social welfare government department have relegated these concerns.

As a group, we have to appreciate what the media has done to bring to the light our plight; perhaps this is the only custodian that we have remained with and is the only refuge we have. On his part Palmer (Palmer, p 80) the media has been able to highlight our capabilities with eloquence and audacity hence forcing government to take some steps that would see the future Mexican albinos protected and enjoy their legal rights. Through media sensitisation, we Mexican albinos feel as part of society. On his part Trofimov (Trofimov, Y., p 4) states that media has made it clear by bringing to the fore the inherent abilities of the Mexican albinos and educating people on the physiological differences between us and them.

We feel the while the media has done sufficient to bring to the fore our plight, the best way for government to address our blight is to pass legislations that would be critical in the protection of our rights. Not only should the legislations be reserved to us but vulnerable groups such as hunch bugs. Most countries today have legislations to this effect. The challenge that we see now is the ardent implementation of the legislations to the letter. Before this stage is reached members of the public should be sensitised to as to avoid disabusing the legislations and therefore infringing into the rights of others. The demystification of esoteric notions lies central in the preventive prospects.

Negative myth has always elicited negative reactions from the general public on our sight. A rigorous public campaign is therefore one of the essential requirement for protecting this vulnerable group.  Lordwick asserts that the general pubic should be made aware that albinism is a shear ubiquitous challenge that is caused by conditions on nature and not nurture. Perhaps the involvement of demonologists would be very hand towards the educating of the general public. Opticians should also be used to show the general public that our sight is just as good as that of those who are ‘normal’. The associations that deal with Mexican albinos should also be given some legal backing to have them exercise some exclusive mandate.

Apparently, even families don’t accept their children when they have albinism. Those of us who have this condition should first accept this and educate the other to accept the condition before expecting the general public to accept us. If our families can not accept us and neither can we accept ourselves, it becomes quite hard for the public to accept me and our cronies. Subsequent, we should take part in showing the public that we are as human as they are.

According to Lordwick members of the Mexican albinos’ societies that have been founded should be educated on the counseling skills so that they take part in the counseling of those who feel devastated because of this state.  First, the Mexican albinos will feel relatively calm dealing with fellow Mexican albinos and with time they will be integrated through the sessions into society.

In conclusions, like beasts we the Mexican albinos are an endangered species. The need to be protected and recognised is long overdue and it can only start with us. We have to rise to the occasion and seek our own protections. This will make governments to feel threatened and address our p[light with the efficacy and the urgency that is due to this course. Perhaps this will remain the most hash form of stigmatisation for the next few decades.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

Abstract

Enterprise resource planning applies modules which can link up office operations with the basis of areas of functions and processes. It comes in with challenges of which solutions to counteract are also viable to employ into the system. In this work we are going to look into critical success factors that exist in the ERP upgrade implementation and how they influence or affect the ERP system. Besides, we will identify the alternative strategies whish are undertaken to overcome the challenges experienced in the ERP implementation and discuss how these alternative strategies help resolve issues attached to the ERP system.

 

 

The critical success factors in the ERP upgrade implementation

Business plan and vision

Having a clear objectives and goals are helpful in connection to the business planning and vision. This is because they help work towards achieving the overlaid and anticipated outcomes which later translate into the beneficial components of the ERP implementation. Meanwhile, on the basis of the set objectives and goals, planning assists in utilizing the available resources and managing the potential risks that may be faced during the implementation and upgrading phases of the system.

It further is important in managing one’s time as it gives a proper layout on how the intended activities will be worked on in a timely manner. Business plan also aids in budgeting on the available funds, hence feasibility. The business vision provides a reliable direction to which to base the facts considered during the implementation of the ERP project. But then, all these are null and void without clear understanding of the project itself. Furthermore, the project should be justified well enough so as to help in strategizing for the incorporation of IT strategy within.

Change management

In the management outline or system of the ERP upgrade implementation, change in the management is essential in facilitating the strategies for tackling the competitiveness in the sector as this allows for a wide range of shared values that emphasize functionality, production, market segmentation and tasking of the perspectives. This is effective as it does come with an understanding of the system’s operation and its potential outcomes, by promoting the adoption of useful decisions.

But these are not just achieved without training of the management. However, such changes may increase risks and project costs.

Communication

For the relay of information within the project initiatives, effective communication is crucial and should be observed in understanding the entities aligned to the ERP system. The communication should be precisely comprehensible and relaying the expectation needs of the project so as to enhance relay of feedback information. Communication, among other things should not fail to address the needs of ERP implementation outline, management change processes and strategies, software requirements and the project scope.

ERP team composition, skills and compensation

For the success of the ERP implementation, experts are a requirement both in the business and technical arrays with much concentration on the implementation so as to attain innovations. These should consider balancing within the project team and cross-functionality. Besides, good incentives and risk considerations for the team are worthy in realizing the objected goals.

Management support and championship

Support from the top management is critical since the project must be prioritized in its design. With the top management, there is proper allocation of resources. This, along with project championship helps facilitate goal setting and ensure legitimate changes.

Project management

Both good assignments of responsibilities for the project and clear definition and control of the ERP project are essential for the achievement of its success. The ERP project management should entail constant evaluations on the basis of the expected benefits and later implementations and changes with consideration of cost and be time bound.

The management should also address reliability, ensure remarkable coordination of the project activities and assure user and process requirements are integrated into the system.

 

System analysis, selection and technical selection

To avoid increased IT costs, prolonged implementation time and inability to gain from maintenance and upgrading of the software, complexities within the business or project have to be managed successfully. Configuration and definition is therefore required for the system before deployment of any designs, and before implementation, testing needs to be carried out on the system of course with integration of the previously used systems.

Tools and methodologies that abridge on the costs and implementation time should also be fitted in. but the overall consideration should be the selection into the ERP packages that minimize customization and they must support the information and functional needs of the business processes employed.

 

The alternative strategies undertaken to overcome challenges

In the ERP system, there are challenges that are normally faced. Without counteracting these challenges, no progress may be attained and to manage them there are approaches that have to be employed. These approaches or alternative strategies employed in overcoming the challenges encountered in the ERP systems’ project implementation and upgrading include the following listed:

¾    Integration of software architecture within the ERP system;

¾    Incorporation of a corporate strategy;

¾    Planning for the future strategies;

¾    Responsibility delegation to the ERP project team, especially during the implementation stage;

¾    Streamlining of ERP costs;

¾    Determining the organizational needs, hence considerable allocations to various segments;

¾    Analysis of implementation time and the return on investment issues;

¾    Fitting the ERP system within the organizational culture and set-up;

¾    Cost saving in relation to the human power for the requirements of ROI;

¾    Conducting ERP employee training for effectiveness;

¾    Change management within the organizational set-up and system;

¾    Feasibility study;

¾    Assessment of the project’s functionality.

 

How the Alternative Strategies Help Resolve issues

Integration of software architecture ensured a more reliable system in the ERP project as it helped cut down on implementation costs. This also helped in good time management as the implementation time was reduced. Furthermore, it did assist in checking interference with the configurations as the entire system had to undergo testing to ensure the required needs were focused on. This brought in the improvising of the ERP system’s project environment by putting in alternative development approaches through programmes that are technology supported. These also ensured employee worthiness in meeting the set and expected deadlines.

Putting in a corporate strategy that would offer considerable business decisions aided in the operations of the ERP project as a number of professionals were brought together in determining the decisions that were of benefit to the project. This further enhanced the flow and transfer of information that is relevant in the business implementation process by promoting improved communication skills amongst them, especially in line with their experiences. It also improved the means by which the management process is determined and also the best managerial changes to be effected within the system.

Agenda for the business integration and selection like for the case of charter stage was set by the executive management which ensured an effective role for the project team. This further ensured the prioritization of programmes and initiatives that are laid down in the project system implementation. It ensures that the tasks are also properly delegated to the different personalities, relative to knowledge, skills, experiences and relevant ideas on particular areas of concern within the project implementation and upgrading processes.

Also considered was the planning through the implementation of the project had significance in terms of the future strategy. This is very crucial when it comes to future considerations in terms of timing and budgeting for the resources required. No project can be achieved without any considerable planning since planning gives an oversight into what next to carry out in the implementation process. The project also needs properly and well organized allocation of funds where applicable and this can only be achieved through planning into the project future.

Responsibility delegation to the project team to plan the implementation (top-down/trust) came in handy. Considerable combinations of organizational modes and management approaches changed hence there was no conflicts between the project team and the stakeholder groups could be encountered. This was however dependent on how it does address problems and make business changes. It is useful to delegate responsibilities in the ERP system project implementation as it does equip almost the entire workforce in acquiring the relevant skills applicable in the different areas thereby ensuring coordination of the project even in the instances where there may be vacancies within.

Cost of ERP implementation was cut down in the maintenance and upgrading the ERP system, especially in regard to the initial costs. No project is carried out if there are no benefits attached to it, profits in particular. The cost of implementation is therefore a major consideration and should be focused on to ensure no losses are incurred.

Another set of alternative strategy was by determining organizational needs, upgrading requirements for ERP system installation, cost of ERP system, customization of software, data transferring and testing, and ERP system maintenance,

Implementation time and ROI issue: this was very much attached to the time associated with the ERP implementation. This is because the implementation process varies in time and therefore proper planning is a requirement before a return on investment is realized.

The ERP system was accommodated within the organizational culture so as return on investment could be realized. The effectiveness of ERP system design and implementation is directly affected by the employee’s acceptability, top management leadership and support, and the fit of ERP with the organizational culture, and the steering committee looked into the same with a lot of consideration. Hence, their ability to overcome the challenges that would have been registered was realized.

Cost savings in human power: for high ROI, there was strategized an approach to balance the costs and the labor. This helped in determining the project’s effectiveness and viability by the company’s ability to generate high ROI either in the long-term or the short-term, even though they might not be present in the short-term.

ERP employee training: training of the employees proved viably adequate to the entire ERP system as it was the main basis for the implementation success. Though training has costs attached to it, and with the varying costs that exist, there must be put in place approaches to control these costs and this was one of the considerations that were encompassed in the training of the employees. Meanwhile, employee training boosted the flow and efficiency in the operations aligned to the ERP system implementation. Through training of the employees, all areas and/or departments in the ERP system were entirely covered at all the implementation phases and apart from that, maintenance and operations within the system were enhanced throughout the implementation process. Nevertheless, training brought in effective and proper use of ERP features and applications.

Change management within the organizational set-up which assisted in incorporating reliable and efficient approaches within the ERP system as it was viable for the cultural and information preservation within the organizational set-up. With this as an incentive in itself, the whole management system and the workforce were supportive in the implementation process of the ERP project through amicable relations.

There was a more or less feasibility study carried out which helped curb risks that would have been realized during ERP implementation process. This ensured that there was not any waste on the resources used into the implementation of the project by carrying out the worthiness of the ERP system execution well before it was developed. Therefore, during the implementation the benefits would be realized.

Assessment of the functionality of the system was also done to find out if the ERP system would be convenient in the achievement of its intended functions of which it was developed. This was helpful in determining the areas which would require further attention through monitoring and evaluation processes.

These strategies helped solve the issues addressed by enhancing the process of planning, through information search process, pre-selection and selection of the process, evaluation process, the choice process and the negotiation process. And mostly they were a success since strong ERP implementation methodology was considered, expectations were set right, strong functional knowledge was put in place, strong relationships were built and the commitments were geared towards the ERP implementations.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

 

The pollution prevention program is as a result of the working relationship between public Marina and boatyard in Florida and the neighboring complainants on the pollution in the water ways that is leading into as well as around the marina. The case study has provided public Marina and boatyard with a direct technical assistance on waste reductions. The current waste management techniques and technologies have been reviewed and there have been possible alternatives on elimination as well as reduction of the hazardous and solid wastes, wastewater discharges as well as air emissions which have been evaluated. The waste minimization recommendations does comprise of inventory control, better housekeeping, recycling of the attainable markets as well as product substitution (Paul 1995, pp. 93).  It has also discussed on some of the environmental regulations that do govern the hazardous waste management as well as promote minimization of wastes.  There are also requirements for the Storm Water Pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) which have been discussed. The importance of an effective training of the employees has also been emphasized in the study as well as the success of waste minimization recommendations.

Based on the 1991 emissions report to Jefferson County Air Program, cyclone collector is 100% effectual in removing approximately 98% of all scrap papers (Argonne national library, 1990, pp. 58). Chemical spills are hence absorbed and pumped to the appropriate disposals with no any potential sewer access of the sanitary. The employees need to be informed through the class lectures on the need to keep unauthorized chemicals out of all the water ways.

Marina and boatyard should be introduced to pollution prevention concept hence take some pollution prevention efforts in changing equipments that pollute as well as the slug and material discharge control.

There are various environmental regulations that the entire company as well as its employees ought to follow. In the year 1990, the Clean Air Act was amended and impacted on how the manufacturing facilities did operate. The Act requires an installation of a maximum achievable control technology for all the facilities that do emit more than 10 tons annually of all the listed hazardous air pollutants.  There are various resource tools that will be needed in this multimedia project which comprise of partnerships, technical assistance, outreach, innovation as well as an effective program to correct the existing problem.  There is a need to come up with a technical assistance program for the employees who will include production of the workshops, handbooks and conferences. The employees will be recommended on incentive programs for an innovative hazardous management as well as reduction of the toxic substances.

The NPDES or the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System stormwater program regulates on the discharges of the stormwater into the surface waters from construction and industrial activities as well as the municipal. Boatyards and Marinas are two categories of the industrial activity which ought to obtain a general NPDES permit. The permit involves implementing and creating Stormwater pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP).  SWPPP is usually a comprehensive plan which is designed in order to implement and identify the best management practices which are meant to reduce and prevent pollutants that are associated with the industrial activities from entering in the discharges of the storm water (Keith, 2004, pp. 69). The Marinas ought to obtain the NPEDES permit and have the SWPPP in order to become one designated clean marina.

Everybody will be assigned duties and among them will be the SWPPP coordinator whose duties will be to:

 

• Creating a SWPPP team who will aid in implementing the SWP3 plan
• Oversee on the maintenance practices
• Implement on SWP3 plan
• Provide and conduct monitoring and inspection activities
• Oversee that the employees are trained
• Submit as well as prepare the reports
• Identify some potential pollutant sources making sure that they are added to the plan
• Identify all the deficiencies in the SWPPP to make sure that they are fully corrected.

In order to prevent on the impacts of stormwater, all the entering trailers and boats will need to be inspected for possible leaks.  The recycling bins should be located next to the launch lamp in order to reduce the solid wastes.  There should be a fish cleaning facility which will offer effective disposal of the fish wastes as well as the battery and oil recycling bins.

All the cleaning operations should be highly prohibited in the water. The facility will need to regularly rest and inspect in the systems and site equipments in order to uncover the conditions which would lead to breakdowns and failures which will result to discharges of the pollutants to the surface waters.

All the employees will be trained and will be required to attend a training course. The training will be reviewed monthly by SWPPP coordinator in order to determine on the effectiveness as well as make the necessary changes on the program. The training will involve:

• Proper handling of the material and effective housekeeping
• Control as well as disposal of the solid and liquid wastes
• Spill response and prevention
• Fuelling procedures
• Proper methods of disposal for the vessel wastewaters
• Identifying some of the barriers to prevention of pollution
• Incorporating the pollution prevention issues into effective permits among others.

Through the training and implementation of effective measures by the facilitators there will be reduced measures of pollutants of boatyards and Marinas.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

 

Abstract

This presentation is aimed at establishing the knowledge and understanding of the operation and functions of an effective Occupational Health and Safety Management System.  It is in different sections addressing Occupational Health and Safety Legislation, Occupational Health and Safety Planning, Occupational Health and Safety Responsibilities and to conclude with, the summary of how these are enrolled into operations of Occupational Health and Safety systems and how they are interrelated to one another.

 

OHS Legislation

            The relevant legislation for my place of work being a manufacturing company is the Occupational Safety and Health ACT, 2007. The organization takes the responsibility when its operations in business or in any other form to which it is in control over are of adverse impact on any parties that transact business with it. The management ensures that adequate consultations are made concerning any occupational safety and health regulations that are prospected on. This is done by formulating a strategic plan concerning the same and by ascertaining that the strategy is convenient for the entire organization and the partners it involves in business.

Parts of the legislation are in the Occupational Health and Safety Act 23(3) which states that “The Director shall ensure adequate consultations on proposed occupational safety and health standards regulations and codes of practice,” (OSH Act. 2007, p. 15).

The other section is 23(4) which accords the director the task of developing a strategic plan for improving the occupational safety and health, and ensuring that the plan in itself meets both the present and the future needs of the entire business and the community it partners with.

OHS plans from the workplace

OHS plans at the workplace are minimization of workplace injuries and infections. This has in it formulated strategies – by execution of a system that records hazardous events electronically – to help reduce work related injuries and infections that may arise from the same. Secondly, there is a plan similar to the Monash University OHS Plan (2010) that concentrates on the improvement of the processes of risk management by formulating and executing a hazard checking and risk assessing model, and constant upgrading of emergency information documents within the organization.

OHSM Manager ensures that the organization and the job are kept safe to all people therefore maintaining the organization’s people in the job. They ensure that every one is empowered to drive results home with the aid of OHS software. They provide reports on the OHS systems, carry out analyses on the OHS standards and identify features that help single out problems. Without any form of prejudice, the organization also keeps maintenance of all its facilities and systems so as to check on health risks. Before it absorbs anyone into its workforce, it conducts a mandatory training which is inclusive of health and safety measures to disburse relevant information to its workforce concerning their health and safety. This also helps advice its employees of the potential health and safety risk areas. It also halts any operations that are consistent in exposing the employees to dangers. Alongside pinning of safety and health measure instructions on the notice boards, fire extinguisher gadgets are also put in place.

OHS Planning

The organization pairs up all the staff as accountability partnership to ensure all the employees’ whereabouts are known. There is also a chain system that links all the employees so that in case there be an emergency each employee is to call the next person in the chain to inform of the emergence of a disaster at some section of the organization. It assists in knowing the whereabouts of all the people in the organization in instances of disasters. In addition, periodic roll-calls are conducted both in the mornings and evenings to ascertain the presence of employees.  Alongside these, there is OHS systems specialists OHS implementation as they provide guidelines on how to ensure good OHS practices, planning and management, (Lewis-Jones, T. & Leclere, d., 2009).

The organization offers training through retreat initiatives aimed at bringing together the views from the employees in an interactive manner. It takes a facilitative approach as this helps in the understanding of the concepts in details by involving the staff in a participatory mode, (CTIED, 2001). This further gives understanding of the situations and challenges for effective OHS systems. This gives quality training which offers support for the practice of effectiveness among the workers and gives sufficient understanding of attitudes towards injuries and accidents, (IW&H, 2010, p. 3-4).

During radical changes, there should be timely communication to the parties that may be affected. There should be arrangements for the implementation of the changes well in advance with proper guidelines to the persons under transition and the management as a whole. They should be oriented into their respective areas of engagement concerning the safety and health issues. There needs to be consideration of the employee views or opinions especially along the safety and health concerns to ensure there is no opposition and reluctance.

Flowchart showing how to resolve the issue(s) from the plan

OHS problem definition

OHS conception / formulation

Agenda setting

Review if fails        Decision making

Execution / Implementation

OHS impact assessment

 

OHS Responsibilities

The employers have the duty to keep the workplace safe in the exits and entrances, providing information and instructions necessary for safety and health of the entire workforce and putting in place sufficient facilities for the well0being of the employees.  These will ensure that no one is exposed to any forms of risks. The employees on the other hand need to be mindful of their health and safety by involving their employers at all levels of compliance. Through these, OHS is responsible for the detailed authority in reducing risks, exercising of accountability in reduction of occupational risks and structuring of the evaluation systems.

Code of Practice applicable to your workplace

One code of practice applicable to my organization is seclusion of certain sections of the organization to particular persons for example access to strong room is only allowed to two individuals who also are entrusted with the key to the strong room. Indeed, no any other person gains access to the room unless otherwise it is meaningful enough and only after a process that follows the protocol of management before any permission is granted. A section of the codes which is not adhered to on the other hand is being in particularly identified sections of the promises alone at given moments like past the normal working duration. This is not abided to by most of the staff staring with the top management to the bottom.

The relevant sources of information on the Occupational Health Management Systems for my organization are the World Health Organization (WHO) the National Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (COHS). These sources help in ensuring that the OHS plan enjoys commitment from the top management, that there is clear definition of the assigned persons on the occupational health and safety guideline, that there is a proper framework for assessing the identified hazards and the relevant control instruments, and finally identifying objectives for executing the OHS processes for the organization.

Three hazards identified and reported include leakage of water pipe just by a sewerage line, cracks on the walls of the organization’s premises and faulty electric connection. These were carried out through identifying their causes, designing, developing and testing of strategies for handling them, testing, implementing and evaluating the strategies.  A committee to look into the same was formed and their report disseminated to all the departments in the organization

Biological agents

The most common way through which they get into our body system is through inhalation. During breathing process in any human, the air that is inhaled has a potential of introducing living organisms into the human body through the respiratory or gaseous exchange systems. The air in the atmosphere comprises many micro-organisms apart from the air components. These micro-organisms are of different types and some are harmful to human health especially by causing us diseases like the respiratory diseases. Biological agents are also introduced into the human body through consumption of infected food and drinks. In addition to these, such agents get into the body through exposure of open places like wounds on the human skin or transmission from one person to another in cases of physical contacts or close association for example the transmission of disease causing viruses and bacteria. These are detrimental to human health as each of them comes in with its unique infections.

Chemical agents

Chemical agents are the easiest to get access to the human system and mostly get in through exposure to chemically polluted or contaminated environments. The water we drink has the greatest potential of dissolving almost everything and when we drink it in many cases, we not only drink water but other chemical elements that get dissolved into it. Like water, any other drink that is consumed by man has to a certain extent some composition of chemicals in it. When one is consistent in drinking a particular soft drink or even the alcoholic types, the chemicals in the drink actually gets to accumulate in his body and these also come with their own implications to human health. The chemical agents when in the human body may and do change the chemical status of the human body fluids in which they get in touch with.

Physical impact

The physical impacts we acquire are mostly out of one hitting or knocking himself upon an object. However, there are circumstances where people have had objects getting into their body for instance when one is involved in a road accident he may have pieces of glass into the body. These can be carried by blood and may get to the brain thereby causing brain interference. Though physical objects, one may be infected by other health complications like tetanus especially through impact of dirty objects.

Emergency Management

Within the organization, fire hazard is comprehensively planned for. Other hazard s that has been focused on is collapse of buildings and radiation emissions linked to the advanced computer system in the workplace. In place are a number of fire extinguishers which are frequently checked on and changed. A section in the compound is singled out as a fire assembly. Besides, there are indicated directions for exit in case these hazardous events are experienced. There is introduction of chambers within the premises that are deemed safe in case a building may collapse. All these have been encompassed with a detailed training on disaster management and mitigation which is conducted for all the employees A specialist that would be employed in assisting an organization in preparing for hazards is a disaster management and mitigation expert.

Feedbacks on the improvements on the performance of emergency procedures provided include an assessment on the employee satisfaction on the safety measures and standards of the organization on the basis of the job types in the organizational setting. This had concentration on the levels of protocols in relation to the levels of safety measures accorded to each one of them. Being in questionnaire form, more genuine views and opinions of the employees are obtained. It was quite relevant since it offered an opportunity to pin point on the safety and health issues that deemed to be taken for granted for long.

The organization carries out check ups through delegating a section of its personnel to keep responsibility of the monitoring, assessing and evaluating the emergency response instruments and systems. The guideline documentations are normally reviewed annually after the report on evaluation and assessment is completed.

Project Summary

In summary, planning in the occupational setting is useful in ensuring a given organization’s employees and clients are kept safe and healthy as it helps in understanding the state of the health and safety condition. It consciously attempts to solve potential health and safety problems and control of the future events by foresight systematic thinking, investigation and exercise of value preference in choosing among the alternative lines of actions. Along with the OHS responsibilities, it prepares viable guidelines for achieving better formulation of health and safety measures and instruments as designed through the OHS responsibilities of authorization and accountability.

Planning being future-oriented focuses helps evaluate the present and past incidents therefore offering a continuous process of evaluation and analyses that change with time. Through planning decision making processes are facilitated well thereby ensuring sustainability of the occupational health and safety management systems in an organizational setting and among the organization’s people. The OHS responsibilities on the other hand provide a reliable means of defining the best goals for the occupational health and safety management systems in an organization. Planning therefore functions with the objectives to achieve goals in accordance with the available resources for OHS management and it helps in devising and selecting from among alternative actions in the management process of health and safety systems. It organizes thus providing necessary coordinating the systems and gives functional directions for management and guidance.

OHS responsibilities help mobilize and inspire the workforce by maintaining efficient communication and accountability. It is useful in controlling and evaluating the performance of the OHSM instruments. Furthermore, OHS responsibilities help drive everything as it forms the basis of concentration. This assists in relating means to ends as it offers an oversight into how the roles and the approaches achieving a healthy and safe occupational environment as formulated.

OHS is driven by the legislation since it is only through legislated regulations that clear definition and designs of encountering health and safety issues can be achieved. Organizations therefore do find the relevance of involving experts for instance safety and health specialist in cases of any occurrences of emergencies and accidents. Through legislation, it is easy for organizations to execute mandatory procedures into their systems like carrying out obligatory medical examinations on the workforce, health and safety assessments within the organizational setting and involvement of proper auditing procedures for health and safety management in all cases that are encountered.  Activities like mandatory medical examination on the employees are enhanced since the legislation provides guidelines for the same.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

 

Abstract

In the employment sector there are sets of trainings for employees that are viable to organizations for them to perform to the expected levels. This presentation gives the categories of organizational training and career stages which are experienced in life as one develops career wise. These are discussed in details giving the description of the categories and their importance, and highlighting on the needs and concerns of the career stages. Also discussed are the internet sites offering online employee training and development in addition to the relevance of employee development in relation to voluntary turnover.

 

 

1. Organizational Training Categories

Required and regular training

This conforms to different legal requirements like OSHA and EEO as mandated. All the employees are given this type of training especially during their orientation into the organization at the time of absorption into employment by the organization. This type of training is important in that it ensures the safety of the employees is fully managed as it does come with safety compliance procedures. It also aids the employees acquire the relevant provisions as required by the organization apart from defining the regulations by which remunerations and working durations are related therefore guiding the employee efficiently on how to effect performance. In addition, it helps the employees get acquaintance of the organizational framework and operations, and provide them with a detailed incentive offers as they are bound to as benefits. Lastly, it gives the employees the relevant procedures on how to tackle incidents of harassment like sexual harassment prevention or other forms of harassment from the other staff.

Job/ Technical training

For the employees to perform their respective jobs well, this from of training becomes handy as it enables the employees to perform effectively. It helps the employees acquire understanding into the product knowledge, technical procedures and processes, and how to relate to customers. This training is important in that it improves on how the services are offered to the customers, it gives clear discernment on the operation of equipment in the organization, it ensures efficiency in the keeping of organization’s records and enhances telecommunications by the employees. Furthermore, it ensures that the employees have proper knowledge of the IT operations and systems within the organizations and good understanding of the products they are dealing with.

Interpersonal and problem-solving training

This addresses problems that are operational and interpersonal to the employees. It further seeks to enhance the organizational relationships for instance interpersonal communications, skills on management or supervision and conflict resolution. It ensures effective expression and relay of information among the employees apart from giving them skills in writing. It improves interrelationship among the employee and imparts skills that are relevant for coaching. It is useful in identifying pertinent issues in cases of problems and assists in managing conflicts among the employees.

Development and career training

This type of training offers long-term focus that enhances individual and organizational competencies with reflection for the future like business practices, executive development, organizational transition and leadership. It helps keep the business operations in flow by giving an insight into the trends of the business. Apart from this, it helps in strategizing, leading others and in managing transitions in the organization. Nevertheless, it aids in career planning and ensuring that the performance in the organization is properly managed.

2. Websites involved with employee training and/or development.

www.thirdforce.com, www.trainnow.net and www.mindflash.com

These sites are useful in that they are effective in managing time while at the same time providing the employee with the most recent developments in the employee sector.
3. Career Stages

Early Career

It constitutes ages +/- 20 years whereby there is need of identifying interests and exploring a number of jobs. It is concerned with external rewards and the act of acquiring more capabilities.

Mid Careers

This ranges from ages 30 to 40 years with a focus on advancing in career, though lifestyle may limit options. Another need is in the growth opportunities. Its main concerns are aligned to value, contribution, integrity and well-being.

Late Careers

This stage comprises +/- 50 years age group who have the needs of updating on skills, settling in of the individuals in the skills and being a leader with opinions that are valued. The concerns in this stage are mentoring, disengaging and organizational continuance.

Career End

The age group of 60-70 years falls in this stage. They have the needs attached to planning for retirement and examining non-work interests with the concerns of retirement and part-time employment.
4. Employee training and development is an expense that may lead to voluntary turnover because the employee always have the choice to quit from any organization no matter the expenses used in training and developing them. As McNamara Carter observes, employee training and development though increases satisfaction, motivation and morale among the employees, financial gains following efficiency in processes, adoption of new technologies and managing of risks, it does not work as a guarantee to keep the employees in any given organization as they may choose to leave any time they feel fit, (McNamara, C. 2008). Furthermore, it can be expensive to train and develop employees only for them to quit immediately after the training programmes without putting the acquired skills in the organization as noted by James M (2009).

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

Abstract

            This presentation is an outline of a research on the emerging biotechnology as involves genetics. It gives the prospects of biotechnology and the necessities that come with it. In addition, it discusses the significance of biotechnology on the basis of its importance and how these are of essence to the world at the present times.

 

 

1. Introduction

This should give overview of the paper as a review of main aspects of biotechnology by specifically touching on its potentials to influence the genetic components in organisms. Kershen, L. D. (2005) clarifies that humans struggle to be artificial than co-exist with nature.

1. Background information on new/emerging biotechnology

1.                                                               i.      This will focus on the importance of the study and why it should be studied.
2.                                                             ii.      Examples of any concerns that are affiliated to biotechnology and their description
3.                                                           iii.      Where new/emerging biotechnology is commonly practiced and its scope worldwide
4.                                                           iv.      Opinions and views on biotechnology
5.                                                             v.      The stand of this paper on biotechnology based on the above opinions and views

2. Discussion
1. What biotechnology is all about and what entails it

Will define biotechnology for example as defined by Aakhayan (June 2010) being “the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and services” and any other definitions.

2. What has been said about new/emerging biotechnology

This part should give the prospects of biotechnology as viewed by other people for instance, “as a prospect to have molecular diagnosis of an organism so that the organisms which are at risk gain the capability to have a healthy offspring by checking on the conventional examinations before delivering the offspring” (Dyson, T. 2001).

3. An exploration of any views and thoughts about biotechnology

This part should give details into what have been said on biotechnology a tool that controls plant and animal genes while at the same time maintaining their intended activities. In this case, it complements on the genes (Journal of Biotechnology, 2010).

4. Any theories on biotechnology involving genetics

This will dig into highlighting any theories, if any, on emerging biotechnology

5. Challenges that involve biotechnology

This section will point out on the challenges that biotechnology is facing and the potential areas that are capable of bringing in more challenges in the emerging biotechnology.

6. The impacts of biotechnology in the present world and its potentials to bring change to the present trends in the world

In this section, discuss the effects of biotechnology like “the increased omega 3 in oils for better heart health, boosted lycopene in tomatoes for antioxidants with reducing the risk of cancer, or potatoes with 30% more protein and the ability to absorb less oil, (Lorne, H., The importance of biotechnology, 2008).

7. A reflection on the stand of this paper on the basis of the discussions

This should relate the whole paper discussion with the take of the paper.

3. Conclusions and recommendations

This will entail the summary of the paper on emerging biotechnology giving a detailed, yet brief of what the paper discusses on emerging biotechnology for instance how the plight of the world will be impacted on full adoption of biotechnology. This should summarize what biotechnology means to the present world and the direction it will take the next generation to.

Recommendations to be adopted along with the emerging biotechnology regarding the enhancement of organisms and human health will be given. Also to be included will be the system which the entire globe should formulate to help initiate programmes of biotechnology in various sectors.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

Epistemology has grown over the years and so has the study of knowledge grown through the lessons that have been attended over the past few weeks. One notable aspect of knowledge is that regardless of the area of specialisation the knowledge has to remain very dynamic over the years. As one progresses with the acquisition of knowledge even when the knowledge doesn’t change the level has to shift. With regard to this argument it is therefore arguable that knowledge, epistemology, would always change, however slight.

When faced with challenges, Feldman (Feldman, p 102) asserts that the knowledge on the approach for solving the challenge would always differ. Yet still the ultimate goal would remain the same. Any experiment carried out would endear to find solutions to some problem. While the ultimate results would be different, the objectives inherent in the experiment would project to serve the same purpose.

If epistemological relativism should guide any discourse then ideally as much as the result targeted would be similar the extent of serving the intended purpose will depend on the person carrying out the experiment. This is where epistemological relativism comes in. the truth posed by any information is therefore dependent on the recipient of the knowledge. The balancing point nevertheless is the how best the acquired knowledge serves the purpose for the study.

In epistemological relativism, Ross (Ross, p 34) argues that the need for thinking is paramount and the learner or the recipient of the knowledge has the least option but to have an open mind and engage them in thinking. Through the engagement the recipient is capable to relatively ascertaining the truth that is contained in the received knowledge.

The creation of knowledge turns out to be very systematic and progressive. This makes it imperative that epistemologists follow a specific stream of path for them to develop a consistent and empirical knowledge (Feldman, p 51). Inasmuch as there has to be epistemological relativism the need for consistence is therefore very imperative and inevitable.

The relations between firms are pecked so much on the knowledge that the relating firms require from ach other. While there is the dire need for ownership of the knowledge and skills, the trust and the relativity of the truth is what ultimately cements the relationship between the firms that have the interest of sharing certain skills and knowledge.

The setting in of globalisations and the internationalisation of skills has made epistemological development universal and near uniform (Feldman, p. 52). As information is shared by one group and the other, the need for reduced relativism becomes very imperative and inevitable. At this level of epistemological know-how, those who interact with the knowledge tend to strike a balance between the various knowledge bases.

Symbiosis when it comes to epistemology has become the order of the day world over (Yasumuro & Westney, p. 21). This has increased the likelihood of questioning the developed knowledge. Because the knowledge is shared throughout the globe, those who interact with the knowledge either critique or agree with the existing knowledge.

Companies have been able to develop branches across the globe. As the firms operate in this areas there are imperatively forced to share the production knowledge with the employees who would be hailing from within and therefore making the knowledge known to the residents and therefore prone to critique.

Yasumuro & Westney (Yasumuro & Westney, p. 14) argues that the systems theory presents the ideals of cooperation between the various units of an organisation. Subsequently the organisation has the least options of having the knowledge used shared among the players. Similarly, with the upsurge of globalisation, knowledge can not be restricted from spreading; neither can knowledge be closed away from critique.

Place an order for a custom essay, research paper on this or related subject.

 

The Caribbean Island in relation to English colonies has been one of the contentious topics for a long time and has turned in various popular debates and talks globally. The English colonies brought various changes to the island both affirmative and negative. This paper will hence focus on some of the core values and issues that happened during the era of English colonies.

This was an era of colonization where there were major revolutions in the World history. There were changes in various sectors for example the agricultural economy which was replaced by the sugar culture (Carl & Robert, 1972, pp. 9). The period of self sufficiency was gone and it was hence replaced by English speaking Europeans who occupied the entire community. The major challenge that the black people who came from West Africa faced was language use as they were incapable of speaking the white man’s language (Carl & Robert, 1972, pp 10).

This period of English colonies was marked with greed, advancements, fame, power, ranks, exploitation of the land and other hostilities. There was immense growth of slavery. In the two decades the entire white population composed of young people who had no any attachments to the Island. Most of the immigrants were young people in their twenties and mainly the male species that had no any family ties. There was growth of the white population in Barbados and St. Christopher. However, it was not long before they started to decline (Harris, 2003, pp. 503).

The mortality that had been presumed in Barbados stimulated the import of more blacks who came from Africa in order to relieve the shortage in labor on the given plantations. This also led to speeding up of sugar culture by the year 1650. Most of the victims were freeholders. The English merchants could no longer send supplies and servants to this famous island and the land became inaccessible for the common people as it was reserved only for the rich people.  The colonists began to leave St. Christopher too by the year 640 since there was a ban on planting of tobacco that was ordered by Sir Thomas Warner in order to raise the price of the staple.

In 1645 and 1647 the White people from the English Islands had already reached their peak as far as power, wealth and numbers were concerned. To the English people from Europe, this was not just a materialistic age for the Caribbean inhabitants.  They were present for just one reason which was to become extremely rich. The promoters of the colonies were too self-centered and the only thing they thought about was how to make profit (Charles, 1957, pp. 292).  This clearly means that the white people were after power. The settlers were only focused on problems arising from adjustment and survival in their new surroundings

Most of the indecorous, ignorant, indigent and undistinguished people who comprised of the white populations from English Islands were the sons of prominent merchants and country gentlemen who had connections that enabled them to explore the world. It is patent that most of these English white people brought more misery than good to the common people. They were mainly after power and wealth and could do anything to get it. The Caribbean islands got to witness human exploitation in form of slavery and search for power and fame. It was a period that was marked by hostilities, uncertainty and surprises. The English colonies revealed what true exploitation meant.