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Choose a subject from one of the vignettes provided below and describe his/her personality from ONE of the following perspectives:
psychoanalytic
cognitive and behavioural
humanistic/existential
trait
Include an Introduction identifying the scope of your paper.
Briefly introduce your subject.
Use a subheading to make it clear which perspective you are describing (i.e., psychoanalytic, cognitive behavioural, humanistic, trait).
Please note, it may be difficult to integrate concepts from the humanistic existentialist perspective.
From the trait perspective, you can describe both the normal (e.g., Big Five) and abnormal (personality disorders – if applicable) aspects of

personality.
Highlight the significant terms associated with your chosen perspective. For example, in discussing the subject from a psychoanalytic

perspective, you will stress important terms such as “the unconscious,” “the id,” “the ego,” “the Super Ego,” “defenses,” and so forth.
Choose one perspective to inform a case conceptualization (i.e., your understanding of the client’s issues); use that to develop a plan for

counselling this client.
Summarize your discussion.
Incorporate 5-7 peer reviewed, academic sources. Sources must be recent, i.e., published within the past 10 years.
Make sure to cite all peer-reviewed sources as well as your textbook.
This paper must be in APA format.
The paper should be 2,750 words (+/- 275 words) excluding title and reference pages.
The highest quality academic source you can access is a peer-reviewed, scholarly journal article. For a quick definition of peer-review, please

see this brief video tutorial: What is a Journal and a Peer Review Article?
The Case of Jane

Jane is an only child. She was born naturally with no complications at birth. Jane’s parents divorced when she was eight years old. Her father

was an alcoholic and had regularly beaten her and her mother. Jane describes both parents as very critical of her behavior and emotions. She

reports one experience where she was forced to sit in a closet for hours because she cried when her pet goldfish died. After the divorce,

according to Jane, neither parent wanted her so she went to live with an aunt who remained distant and aloof toward her, only meeting her basic

needs for food and shelter. Jane began cutting her arms and legs with a razor blade after the move. She did poorly academically. She would

often threaten to kill herself but no one took these threats seriously. Jane had difficulty maintaining friendships. Her former friends

describe her as unpredictable and intense. For example, she would often yell at them, “You don’t really want to be my friend so get out of

here” and other times she would beg them to stay with her. They report that Jane would get upset if she did not get her way. Jane reports that

she enjoys being around others and longs for companions. She attends as many parties as she can, even ones she has not been invited to. She

explains that she feels “more alive” when around others. Jane reports that she is frequently bored and often feels empty inside. She likes to

drive her car as fast as she can on back country roads. She often turns off the headlights and flies through four-way stops and reports that

she likes the thrill. She has been married twice, both times very passionate but stormy relationships. She once tried to stab her second

husband during one of her violent rages because she wanted to sell their home and buy a houseboat and he did not. She had just watched a TV

show where a couple had done this. Jane shops frequently, especially when she is stressed or depressed which seems to occur quite often. She

has declared bankruptcy numerous times in her life and blames the credit card companies for letting her buy so many items on credit. She has

tried a number of drugs over the years, but mainly uses alcohol to “deaden the pain.” Jane has been fired from numerous jobs due to issues with

getting along with co-workers, customers, and managers. She was also caught stealing from one of her employers. Jane often reports feeling

anxious and unhappy.

 

Reflect EMS Career

 

Class- Legal, Political and Regulatory Environment in EMS Reflect on your EMS career. Have you
encountered EMS personnel with a physical or mental disability of which you were aware? What types
of accommodations did they require? Did you feel that these accommodations were reasonable such
that patients could still receive the highest quality care? If you have not known personnel with a
disability, consider how you might provide reasonable accommodations for someone with a physical
and/or mental impairment Do you feel that there is a lowering of quality care for patients when
making accommodations? Why, or why not?

 

 

Write a two page paper discussing how treatments for mental illness have changed over the years. Also discuss how mental health treatment has changed since many institutions closed. Discuss at least one way things have improved and issues still facing the mentally ill. Base your answer on references you have found. List at least two references at the bottom of your paper.

Discuss the characteristics of the language style you will use in the profession for which you are being educated. What are examples of the jargon used by members of your future profession? Consider the registers you use in the groups with which you are affiliated. What are some of the distinguishing characteristics of each of these registers?

 

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY SEPARATES PLANT PIGMENTS
Objectives:
1) Prepare an extract of plant tissue (e.g., leaves, flowers).
2) Apply the technique of paper chromatography as a method for separating individual plant
pigments contained in plant tissue extracts containing pigment blends.
2) Describe the application of this technique to the study of plant pigments and develop related
testable questions.
3) Generate ideas about ways to improve the technique to yield better results.
INTRODUCTION
A “pigment” is simply a molecule that absorbs and reflects light. Recall that white light actually
consists of many colors – you may have learned “ROY G BIV” in high school physics as a way to
remember the colors of light that make up the white light of the “visible spectrum”. Different
pigments appear different colors because they have differing abilities to absorb and reflect
various colors of light. (A more thorough discussion of the light-absorbing properties of
pigments will be presented in the Spectrophotometry lab.) The broad array of colors found in
plant tissues such as leaves, flowers, and fruits, can be accounted for by the presence of
literally thousands of different kinds of plant pigments.
Through plant breeding and horticultural practices, humans have manipulated plants’ pigment
producing capabilities to serve our own desires. News was made recently when a true blue rose
cultivar was successfully created in Japan. In nature, color is an important attribute of plants
that serves to attract pollinators to receptive flowers and signal fruit ripeness to seed
dispersers. In some instances, colors may also serve to warn potential predators of poisonous
or toxic substances contained in plant tissues.
Color-producing pigments have other important roles in plants beyond regulating interactions
with animals. Chlorophyll is a pigment that reflects green light, but absorbs red and blue
wavelengths and is critical for the light reactions of photosynthesis. Flavonoids are an
important class of plant pigments that block ultraviolet (UV) radiation that can damage cell
proteins and DNA. Many flavonoids, including anthocyanins (a subcategory of flavonoids) have a
role in the chemical defense of plants as they are toxic to many herbivores and pathogens –
especially insects and fungi.
As you may know from the popular media, there is currently a substantial research effort in
place to explore the potential health benefits of plant pigments to humans. In popular
literature, these plant-based compounds are often collectively referred to as “phytochemicals”;
most are also pigments. Flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids are just some of the
categories of plant pigments known to have antioxidant properties. “Antioxidant” is a general
term used to describe any substance that has the ability to neutralize “free radicals” which
cause cellular damage by removing electrons from surrounding molecules. Many lines of research
suggest that consuming a diet rich in plant pigments may slow the process of cellular aging and
reduce the risks of some types of disease, such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke. Cosmeticcompanies are even jumping on the “antioxidant bandwagon” by adding seductive blends of
antioxidant-rich “botanical extracts” to their shampoos, makeups, and lotions in the hopes of
prolonging our youthful glow!
A few categories of pigments are listed below along with their characteristic range of colors.
Some plant pigments you may be familiar with that are of current interest in nutritional and
pharmaceutical research are listed below, though there are many more!
table 2:
Pigment Type Colors
Anthocyanins (subclass of flavonoids) blue/purple/red
Anthoxanthins (subclass of flavonoids) yellow – ivory
Betacyanins yellow – red/purple
Carotenoids yellow – red
Chlorophylls greens
Xanthophylls (a subclass of carotenoids) ivory – yellow
Pigment Color Found in
anthocyanins blue/purple/red berries, grapes, red peppers, beets, eggplant,
plums
beta-carotene orange/yellow carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, citrus, papaya,
melon, squash
curcumin yellow turmeric
lutein yellow/orange kale, broccoli, spinach
lycopene red tomatoes, watermelon, red grapefruits
zeaxanthin yellow cornPAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD
Step 1: Prepare chromatography papers. Cut the chromatography paper into strips following
dimensions suggested by your instructor. Draw a fine pencil line across (but not all the way
across) the strip about 2-3 cm from one end – this is the “origin”. Handle the papers by the
edges, taking care to touch them as little as possible – oils from fingertips can interfere with
the migration of pigments up the paper.
Step 2: Prepare your plant extract. In this procedure, we are interested in the “qualitative”
assessment of the presence of individual pigments, we are not quantifying them (determining
how much of a pigment is present). For this reason, exact measurements of plant tissue and
extracting solvent are not necessary. (In the Spectrophotometry lab, we will be quantifying
plant pigments, so careful measurements will be necessary.).
Place the plant tissue of interest into a mortar (a few leaves or flowers). Add a small amount of
ethanol to the plant tissue and grind completely with a pestle to release the pigments into
solution. Continue adding ethanol (or plant tissue) as necessary to create a few milliliters of
very dark extracted liquid. Your goal is to create a highly concentrated solution but avoid a
paste-like consistency.
Step 3: Load the extract onto the chromatogram. Dip a capillary tube into the liquid portion of
your extract. (Your extract may contain fragments of plant tissue which will clog the capillary
tube. To minimize this, tilt your mortar slightly to allow the liquid fraction to run away from
the solids.) Allow the extract to migrate up the capillary tube. Dab the end of the capillary onto
the origin of your chromatography paper. The extract will move out of the capillary tube onto
the paper as it is absorbed into the paper fibers.
Allow the extract to dry completely on the paper, then repeat with another load of extract. In
order to concentrate the pigments on the paper, you will need to apply several loads of extract
origin (where you apply the pigment extract)
the “solvent front” is the position of the liquid solvent on the
chromatography paper at any given time. the solvent will gradually
move from the bottom toward the top of the paper, carrying
dissolved pigments with it. stop the chromatogram before the
solvent front reaches the top of the paper and mark the location.
you will use this distance to calculate Rf
mark the location of each pigment at the time the chromatogram is
stopped(probably 4 – 6). After each loading, wait until the paper is fully dry before applying the next
load. Depending on the type of sample you have and the amount of water in it, it may take
several minutes for the sample to dry (2 – 10 minutes). You may use a hairdryer on the lowest/
coolest setting to speed the process. Do not proceed to step 3 until your sample is completely
dry.
Don’t forget: you will need to prepare 1 chromatogram for each chromatography solvent you will
be testing. Your instructor will let you know which chromatography solvents should be tested
for a given plant tissue. Use the same extract to prepare all the chromatograms.
Step 3: Set the chromatogram in the chromatography solvent. Place your paper strip into the
solvent container provided with the origin end down. Make sure that the level of the solvent is
below the origin on your chromatogram – you do not want to submerge the origin in the solvent.
Check the chromatogram frequently to observe the movement of solvent and pigment up the
chromatography paper.
WARNING: The petroleum ether/acetone solvent is highly flammable and can be dangerous if
inhaled. Take care to avoid inhaling the fumes as much as possible and keep clear of any flame,
spark, or other ignition source!!
Step 4: Stop the chromatogram and record your results. When the solvent “front” is within 2-3
cm from the top of the paper, remove the chromatogram. Use a pencil to quickly mark the
location of the solvent front. Allow the chromatogram to air dry, then trace and label the
pigments you observe (they will fade over time).
Step 5: Identify your pigments. Calculate the Rf value (described below) for each pigment in
each chromatography solvent tested. Consult your instructor (or reference provided) about the
identity of the pigments you isolated – record all your data in your notebook.
IDENTIFYING PIGMENTS ISOLATED BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Different pigments have different sizes, shapes, and physical properties (e.g., different
solubilities in our chosen solvent). As a result, different pigments will move at different rates
up the chromatography paper allowing them to visibly separate from one another. Once the
pigments are separated, they can be identified by a variety of methods.
One way to determine the identity of a pigment is to physically remove it from the paper and
assay it by another method. For example, we could elute (remove) a pigment from the
chromatography paper by dissolving it in another solvent, such as ethanol and measuring its
absorption spectrum using the spectrophotometer. The resultant spectrum could be compared
to the known spectra for different pigments by searching in an appropriate reference manual.
An alternative method is to calculate the “Rf value”, a ratio representing the distance a pigment
travels relative to the distance the chromatography solvent travels. Again, we can then match
the Rf value and color of our unknown pigment to known values recorded in a reference manual.Rf value = distance from origin to pigment
distance from origin to solvent front
Remember – because pigments vary in their solubility in different solvents, the Rf value for a
given pigment is tied to the chromatography solvent. In other words, chlorophyll b will have an
Rf value in petroleum ether/acetone that is different from its Rf value in BAW.

 

 

 

 

(Coleman)
1. Choose ONE of the following poems to conduct an analysis of its meaning:
• “Still I Rise” by Maya Angelou
• “Remember” by Joy Harjo
• “Let America Be America Again” by Langston Hughes
• “Because I could not stop for Death” by Emily Dickinson
2. After conducting a close reading of the poem by taking notes, freewriting or completing an
informal outline, isolate a subject or issue that can be interpreted as the poem’s theme.
3. Make notes on your impressions of the poetic elements of the poem as they help to
draw out the poem’s meaning:
• imagery
• speaker and tone
• diction and syntax
• figures of speech
• symbolism
• rhythm and meter
4. Create a clear and concise thesis sentence that identifies the central argument you will prove
can be interpreted as the poem’s meaning for any of the poetic elements listed above. DO NOT
refer to the speaker in the poem as the poet—the poet uses poetic devices to convey his or her
ideas through the poem, but the poet is not performing the actions in the poem. These actions
are performed by the speaker. The only relationship between the poet and the speaker that is
arguable is that the speaker is the poet’s persona.
5. Create a well-organized final draft with body paragraphs that each have a clear topic
sentence that connects back to the thesis.
6. Provide evidence for your argument in the body paragraphs by quoting specific words or lines
from the poem to support your interpretation of its theme and poetic element(s). DO NOT
summarize or paraphrase the lines of the poem. Smoothly integrate these quotations into your
own writing using effective launch statements. (Effective launch statements avoid the verbs
“says”, “states” or “writes” and avoid referencing the line number(s) that should be placed only
within the in-text citations.)
7. Include correct in-text documentation for direct quotes, making sure to properly add a slash
between two lines of poetry or setting off three or more lines (long quotation) with block
formatting, as necessary. (See the Essay on Poetry Checklist located in the Poetry Module for
an example.)
8. Include a Work Cited page at the end of your paper that follows MLA documentation rules
with ONLY the one poem listed. DO NOT use any other sources. (See the Essay on Poetry
Checklist located in the Poetry Module for an example.) Your total word count should generate a
paper at least 1,000 words but not more than 1,500 words.
9. Upload the final draft to the assignment in Canvas and through Turnitin before the due date.
Early submissions are encouraged, late submissions are not accepted.

Marks: Weighting 20%
Student Name (Block letters) Student Number:
1.___________________________ _____________
2.___________________________ _____________
3.___________________________ _____________
4.___________________________ _____________
5.___________________________ _____________
HOLMES
INSTITUTE
FACULTY OF
HIGHER
EDUCATION
HS2031 Human Computer Interaction – Trimester 1 2016 1
Group Assignment Requirements
In this group assignment (maximum 5 students) you are required to produce a nonfunctioning prototype for a fictitious business and a report

(2000-2500 words)
documenting your design rational.
Background
Infinity Games is a sole proprietor business, specialising in selling board games, card
games and playing cards. Their shop lot occupies approximately one acre of floor
space and is located in a metropolitan city. By most standards, the shop is huge and
customers have difficulty in finding their way around. The owner of the business has
contracted you to develop a website providing information about the shop. The
website is not an online ordering system. Instead, it is a website to provide more
information about the shop layout and the selection of merchandise it sells. You have
been provided with the following initial and technical specifications:
Memo: Website Requirements
From: Infinity Games, Senior Management
To : ICON UX R&D Group Consultants
Specification
Design and develop a website. The idea is to provide information to potential
customers visiting Infinity Games premises. The goal is to allow potential
customers to obtain an overview of the shop layout and to obtain details of the
selection of games offered by the shop.
Resources
Resources such as images and details of opening hours can be found in
ProResource.ZIP. The content of the ZIP file is:
1. Four folders named Board_Games, Card_Games, Playing_Cards and
Chess. Each folder contains images relating to the different categories of
games.
2. A text file Game_List.txt contains the names of the games
corresponding to each of the image from each folder. You need to use these
names as the official description of the games on your web site.
3. A text file Shop_Hours.txt containing the business and opening
hours of the shop.
HS2031 Human Computer Interaction – Trimester 1 2016 2
4. Logo.png – an image of the logo of the shop.
5. Floor_Plan.jpg – an image of the shop’s floor plan.
General Requirements
The managers of Infinity Games insist that the following requirements must be
adhered to:
1. Each webpage of the website must display the shop logo. You can
edit this image, but the font style, type and colour must remain as in the
original image.
2. Do not change the proper names of the games. Do not rename the filenames
of any of the images.
3. All images of each game must be presented to potential customers.
This can be done within one webpage or distributed across several web pages.
The idea is to ensure that potential customers are made aware of the complete
selection of games the shop carries.
4. The images are to be used as it is. You can resize the images retaining the
original aspect ratio, but do not crop or edit (e.g. re- colour, touch up, sharpen,
etc.) or rename the images in any way.
5. Generate a separate page providing the opening and business hours. The
details are found in the Shop_Hours.txt file.
6. Infinity Games, also happens to be the official sponsor for the city’s annual
chess competition. Your webpage design should provide prominence to the
selection of different types of chess games available for sale by the shop. You
should ensure that the menu selection for the chess room should be different to
the other game rooms (i.e. Board_Games, Card_Games, Playing_Cards).
Deliverables
On the specified due date, you are to deliver one report and an example of a
prototype for the management approval process.
End-of-Memo
HS2031 Human Computer Interaction – Trimester 1 2016 3
Tasks
You are to complete the following task in the order given:
Task A: Carry out user and task analysis. You must have a clear view of the users of
this system. Consider that not everyone is comfortable with the technology. For
example, you need to deal with user variation such as age or language skills. Perform
a user analysis, i.e. characterise the users and identify your potential users. Clearly
identify the tasks the potential users perform, and in what order. These are all user
interface design considerations that you should take into account.
Task B: Propose design and system requirements. Consolidate your findings from
your user and task analysis with the given specifications into a design and system
requirements. For example, the number of items to display, the screen size, what
colours, how many different screens to display etc.
Task C: Develop a low-fidelity prototype using Storyboard (a minimum of 4
screens). Based on the above requirements, develop a preliminary design of the web
user interface. At this stage, the prototype is basically a medium to support your initial
concept and ideas. For example, the prototype should show where the ‘Business
Hour’ button is located or would it be possible to fit 20 images aesthetically on a
single page, etc? You can use paper-based (e.g. paper and colour pencils etc.) or
screen based (e.g. painting software) to sketch your design. Low- fidelity prototyping
is mainly to allow designers to produce alternative designs expediently without
having to go into depth or functionality. Think of low-fidelity prototyping as the 5D
tool for: design, draft, decide, discard and do-over.
Storyboards can be hand-drawn or computer-drawn. Select the most satisfactory
design and proceed with the following step.
Task D: Obtain user feedback. Invite 3 – 4 potential users (e.g. friends, family
members, classmates, etc.) to provide you with feedback of your low-fidelity
prototype (your storyboard). Carry out the evaluation according to prescribed methods
as in Chapter 4 of your textbook (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010) or from other
scholarly source. Use appropriate survey techniques. Analyse the data you have
collected from the user evaluation and refine and improve on your initial design.
Task E: Develop high-fidelity prototype based on the user test feedback and
recommendations from Task D. The high-fidelity prototype should be a reasonably
complete version for the Infinity Games website and does not need to work as a
complete website. A minimum of 4 screens should be produced in correspondence to
your Task C storyboard. High-fidelity prototype must be computer-drawn and any
drawing software is acceptable.
Task F: Write a report. Produce a report to document the tasks and the outcome of
your efforts undertaken for the project. Remember, this report is intended for your
employers. You need to document and support the viability of your website – that is,
to convince your employer that your webpage design is satisfactory and that it meets
user acceptance test.
HS2031 Human Computer Interaction – Trimester 1 2016 4
Format of Report
For the purpose of this project you are assumed to be a professional. As such, you
should attempt at your best to reflect this quality in the preparation of the report. As a
minimum, the report should contain the following:
1. Introduction – State the purpose and objectives of the report.
2. Body of discussion – This is the main section where you should document the
various stages and outcome of your activities. In this section, please address
the following items:
• A brief outline of your design
• User and task analysis
• A list of user requirements
• How your design is aligned with HCI principles
• A summary of user feedback on your low-fidelity prototype (please do not
include raw data, i.e. questionnaires in the body of the report.
Questionnaires and user responses should be included in the Appendix)
• How Infinity Games could carry out a user acceptance test on your highfidelity prototype
3. Conclusion – This is basically a summation, consolidating the main points of
the report.
4. A list of references
5. Appendix – includes the low fidelity prototype, high fidelity prototype, and
questionnaires and user responses collected in Task D.
PLEASE NOTE:
• Word limit for this assignment is between 2000 and 2500 words, excluding the
Appendix and list of references.
• Figures or diagrams can be added if necessary
• References (a minimum of 10) must be provided in the Body of Discussion
section.
Page formatting: A4 size paper, 2.5cm margins on all sides, single-sided, Time
Romans or New Time Romans font, 12pt font size, DOC or DOCX format.
Assignment Submission:
Assignment Date Due: Friday Week 12, 2016 by 5:00 PM
Assignment Submission Guideline: Please submit your softcopy online using the
respective BlackBoard assignment submission link. ( In special circumstances, you
can submit hard copy of your assignment in the class to your lecturer or submit your
hard copy of your assignment at Holmes Institute reception ground level, 185 Spring
Street. )

This is to help you find, organize, and understand data and how to find and use it.
1. Go to the OECD website and then to data, find the most recent business confidence index (BCI) copy the graph and in less than 50 words tell me how business is doing … the table is very helpful to (don’t forget to title and reference properly) (5marks)

2. Dewey defeats Truman … 1948 … what happened in 100 words or less and tell me how statistics sampling may have been negatively involved. (don’t forget to reference properly) (5 marks)

3. Halifax has a population of 414,129 and you what to conduct a survey to see whether or not to retain the present number of city supported ice surfaces. What would your sample size have to be to obtain a 99% confidence level and a confidence interval of 5? (5 marks)

4. Go to the New Brunswick Archives on Douglas Ave, your mission is to look at what businesses where register in the city in 1874/75. Shipping and the port where very important and one of the major players was George Thomas, what did his company do. Look for the George Thomas ad in McAlpine’s Saint John City Directory for the above years. Careful the directory is very old … (5 marks) feel free to take a photo …

IMPORTANT: You are NOT permitted to use a rough draft essay or sentence form outline of the essay, notes, dictionary or Smartphone. However, you may use your copy of The Norton Anthology.
A Reminder About Plagiarism: This essay must be your own writing based on our in-class analysis of the texts. No use of resource texts is permitted for this essay. You can find very bad essays on these texts on cheat sites. Any use of cheat essays, whether copying of ideas, information or sentences, will be considered plagiarism. This will result in a ZERO grade on the essay and a letter placed in your college file.
YOUR ESSAY MUST:
 Be at least five paragraphs in length, consisting of no fewer than six (6) sentences per paragraph (minimum 800 words)
 Introduction (include attention grabber and thesis)
 Three Body Paragraphs develop three points (two examples per point/paragraph)
Offer proper support and information
 Conclusion (tie together, no redundancy)
 Free of grammatical, mechanical, spelling errors.

PLANNING AND WRITING: For this assignment you will be writing essay #1 on The Salem Witch Trials. It is suggested you follow this plan:
1. Reflect on the topic and plan your thesis with three main points and organization of your ideas.
2. Begin writing your essay, using double spacing (SKIP LINES); write on the front side on the page, only.

3. Edit to ensure ideas are clearly explained and supported and check that obvious grammatical, mechanical, and spelling errors are corrected.
4. Check the included rubric to ensure all steps have been completed.
*Note: One point will be deducted for each grammatical, mechanical, and spelling error found in your writing, so be sure to proofread carefully.
“Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live” (Exodus 22:18).
What caused the Salem Witch Crisis of 1692? You must give three pieces of evidence and support your claims with specific examples from the textbook, assigned readings, and in-class videos and film. Each body paragraph should contain at least one specific quote to support your argument.

the two topics are : The Norton Anthology: American Literature- shorter eighth edition and Three Sovereigns for Sarah video PBS

For this assignment, you will write a research paper on communication skills. The general nature of the paper is flexible, but it should

relate to one or more of the topics that we discuss during the course. The paper should utilize but at the same time go beyond what we

covered throughout the session about communication skills in the workplace. In this paper, your purpose is not merely to summarize

literature. Rather, you need to gather factual information, data and/or cases that you can find about the topic, and then support your

thesis statement with your references. This does not mean that you are required to gather new data. You may cite published books, peer-

reviewed journal articles, research reports, government reports, reports from international organizations, cases or case study summaries,

etc. that can help illustrate your points.