Category: Health care

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Based on the Consumerism in Health Care Paper your group prepared earlier in the course, your group will develop a PowerPoint presentation of 10-15 slides, including detailed speaker notes.

Include a title slide, topic summary and introduction, and discussion of methodology, results, conclusion, and references.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

12
Topic: Constitutional History under the Rehnquist Court
What changes took place in Constitutional History under the Rehnquist Court? Specifically, how does this reinforce or reverse decisions made by the Burger Court? Compare the Burger Court and the Rehnquist Court.

 
Instructions:
Sleep-Mood Gradient 2

Read the article “Effects of one night on induced night-wakings versus sleep restriction on sustained attention and mood: a pilot study”. Revise the results you have been obtaining when analyzing different aspects of the lab data set.

Your response to this article should be in a well-written essay of 200 to 1200 words, including a total of 3 to 7 paragraphs. Correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar should be used throughout the essay. Do not put your name in the essay! Your essay should include all of the information requested in the following guiding questions.

Note: An F-test involving two groups (1 numerator degree of freedom), i.e., an ANOVA test with 1 df, is equivalent to a student’s t-test (comparison of 2 means).
Prompt Questions:

1.) Summarize the main conclusions of this study.

2.) Describe the data set used in our lab and in the research paper. Specifically indicate sample sizes and variables measured in both. Are there any differences between the data set used in the research paper and the data set used in lab?

3.) Name the three different aims of the paper regarding the results in section 3.

4.) In the paper, is there evidence that the mean true sleep hours is different for normal sleep nights vs. sleep disruption nights? Discuss the test the authors used to answer this question. Indicate the p-value they got and why that supports their conclusion regarding this question at the 1% significance level.

5.) Using the data provided in Table 1, with a t-test, assess whether there is evidence that there is a difference between the mean of vigor-activity for normal sleep and the mean of vigor-activity for manipulated sleep in the population at the 5% significance level. Write down all four steps of the significance test: explicitly state the hypotheses using appropriate notation, write down the equation for the test statistic and substitute the values for this case and give the value of the test statistic to two decimal places, write the probability statement of the p-value, and clearly state your conclusion. Assume that data on vigor-activity for normal and manipulated sleep is collected from two samples of the same size n1=n2=58.

6.) Discuss your result of the comparison of means test done in question 5 compared to those presented in Table 1. Explicitly write the value of the test statistic for the test done by the authors of the paper to check whether night has an effect on vigor-activity and the corresponding P-value. Comment on whether the conclusions of the comparison of means test done in question 5 agree with those of the authors. Make sure you explain why.

NOTE: The p-values of the comparison of means test and the F test will not be exactly the same. The F test is part of the repeated measures ANOVA that includes other factors and interactions. Simply address in your discussion whether or not one can conclude the same at the 5% significance level for both tests and why.

7.) In lab we found that there is evidence that not all population means of HTS Normal are the same depending on the person’s mood before going to sleep. At the 5% significance level, we would like to know in between what any two mood groups we have evidence that the means of HTS Normal are not the same in the population. Discuss explicitly (by name) what test we need to run in order to answer the question.

Assignment Description:
Sleep-Mood Gradient 2

Read the article “Effects of one night on induced night-wakings versus sleep restriction on sustained attention and mood: a pilot study”. Revise the results you have been obtaining when analyzing different aspects of the lab data set.

Your response to this article should be in a well-written essay of 200 to 1200 words, including a total of 3 to 7 paragraphs. Correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar should be used throughout the essay. Do not put your name in the essay! Your essay should include all of the information requested in the following guiding questions.

Note: An F-test involving two groups (1 numerator degree of freedom), i.e., an ANOVA test with 1 df, is equivalent to a student’s t-test (comparison of 2 means).
Prompt Questions:

1.) Summarize the main conclusions of this study.

2.) Describe the data set used in our lab and in the research paper. Specifically indicate sample sizes and variables measured in both. Are there any differences between the data set used in the research paper and the data set used in lab?

3.) Name the three different aims of the paper regarding the results in section 3.

4.) In the paper, is there evidence that the mean true sleep hours is different for normal sleep nights vs. sleep disruption nights? Discuss the test the authors used to answer this question. Indicate the p-value they got and why that supports their conclusion regarding this question at the 1% significance level.

5.) Using the data provided in Table 1, with a t-test, assess whether there is evidence that there is a difference between the mean of vigor-activity for normal sleep and the mean of vigor-activity for manipulated sleep in the population at the 5% significance level. Write down all four steps of the significance test: explicitly state the hypotheses using appropriate notation, write down the equation for the test statistic and substitute the values for this case and give the value of the test statistic to two decimal places, write the probability statement of the p-value, and clearly state your conclusion. Assume that data on vigor-activity for normal and manipulated sleep is collected from two samples of the same size n1=n2=58.

6.) Discuss your result of the comparison of means test done in question 5 compared to those presented in Table 1. Explicitly write the value of the test statistic for the test done by the authors of the paper to check whether night has an effect on vigor-activity and the corresponding P-value. Comment on whether the conclusions of the comparison of means test done in question 5 agree with those of the authors. Make sure you explain why.

NOTE: The p-values of the comparison of means test and the F test will not be exactly the same. The F test is part of the repeated measures ANOVA that includes other factors and interactions. Simply address in your discussion whether or not one can conclude the same at the 5% significance level for both tests and why.

7.) In lab we found that there is evidence that not all population means of HTS Normal are the same depending on the person’s mood before going to sleep. At the 5% significance level, we would like to know in between what any two mood groups we have evidence that the means of HTS Normal are not the same in the population. Discuss explicitly (by name) what test we need to run in order to answer the question.

BE908: Biomedical Instrumentation
Assignment 2: Radiotherapy
This assignment has two purposes:
1. To provide a brief, self-learning opportunity investigating modern Radiotherapy through the
internet and/or other sources.
2. To familiarise you with some of the basic terminology of radiotherapy before the radiotherapy
lecture.
Instructions:
Make a short investigation of the purpose and techniques of radiotherapy using library and/or Internet
resources. You could start with some of the better patient information websites such as.
Many medical instrumentation companies have websites that describe radiotherapy equipment. For
example, the way that radiotherapy is implemented in a commercial system can be viewed
In a short report of no more than two typed A4 pages (12 point font size) including 5-10 references
and, if the case, diagrams, describe the purpose and basic principles of modern radiotherapy. Include
some brief information on planning, delivery and verification of radiotherapy today.
Please upload your assignment to MyPlace by 23:55 on Monday 23 November. Marks will be released
by Monday 14 December.
Make sure that your submitted work is your own individual effort, and that it does not include text
directly cut from external sources. This exercise will count for 10% of your final class

.

You need to produce a 2,500 report on the above topic. The report is aimed at a government committee discussing the legal status of recreational drugs. In order to make their decision, the Members of Parliament (MPs) on the committee require a report that summarises the literature to date on risks (e.g. acute risks, long-term neuropsychological damage, risks to mental health) associated with taking ecstasy. Please follow the guidance below when writing your report.
Consider your audience. The MPs are not psychologists or pharmacologists therefore your report should be aimed at someone with no knowledge of the topic. This means that you must explain the pharmacology of ecstasy and the strengths and weaknesses of research clearly and concisely, giving definitions and explanations of all technical, pharmacological and psychological terms used.
Structure your report into different sections with relevant subheadings. Your report should not be one continuous piece of text. The amount of sections and headings is up to you, but the report should start with a 250 word (max) summary, similar to an abstract for a research report.
Consider what the MPs need to know. A brief discussion of what the drug is, how it works and patterns of use may be a good way to introduce them to effects of this drug.
Base your report on original journal articles. You will not find enough information on this topic in textbooks.
Evaluate the research you cite. The MPs need to know the limitations of research in this area in order to make an informed decision based on the scientific literature.
Your report should describe and evaluate research findings as objectively as possible. You are not required to make a recommendation to MPs about changing the legal status of ecstasy (MDMA) so your report should focus on unbiased reporting of scientific findings.

in su
This assignment is intended to assess the following learning outcomes:
1. Demonstrate a critical understanding of public health theory covered in the public health programme.
2. Critically review the effectiveness of public health policies, strategies, agenda and projects.
3. Understand the structure and function of public health organisations and workforce.
4. Show a critical appreciation of of public health is delivered in the United Kingdom.

Select one of the following topics and describe the anatomical structures related to the clinical case. Your description should not exceed 1500 words and should include at least one detailed anatomical diagram (produced by you). The diagram must be done in coloured pencils and must be labelled fully and accurately. Your description must also include at least two references related to the clinical case, taken from peer reviewed journals. Please note that non-peer reviewed articles or websites will not be accepted.

Select your topic from the following list. A maximum of four students may sign up for any topic, on a first come first served basis, so sign up early. Please e-mail your selection to me.

Topics

Osteoarthritis of the hip joint
Due Date: This assignment is due on November 25, 2015. Late submissions will have 2% per day deducted from the final score on this paper.

You must relate to your clinical cases you have found doing research to your paper

You must also relate what your topic does to those anatomical structures

Please do not forget your diagram please

 
Delivery Mode 1: Long-Term Care (last names A-H)
This space is for discussion of the long-term care mode of delivery.
Examine this mode of delivery and address the following elements in your discussion:

Describe the type of care this option provides. Consider the following: ◦Who is the target client?
◦What professionals work within that mode?
◦What does this mode offer in terms of care?
◦What are the expected outcomes?

•Discuss at least two specific issues or concerns that affect the delivery of care for each of the following categories listed below (a total of six concerns): ◦legal and regulatory
◦ethical
◦social

Guided Responses: Those who are assigned to Delivery Mode 1 will respond to those in Delivery Modes 2 and 3, Delivery Mode 2 will respond to those in Delivery Modes 1 and 3, and Delivery Mode 3 will respond to those in Delivery Modes 1 and 2. Review the six concerns listed in each of your classmates’ discussions. Select two concerns within each post and examine how stakeholders in their specific delivery mode might address two of them.
RESOURCES:

Required Text

Batnitzky, A., Hayes, D., & Vinall, P.E. (2014). The U.S. healthcare system: An introduction. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

◦Chapter 5: Hospitals, Clinics, Offices, and Other Points of Delivery
◦Chapter 6: Long-Term and Mental Healthcare
◦Chapter 7: Integrative Care

 
Please use APA format. Use at least 2 references within the last 5 years. When answering the questions be very detailed with discussions and use subheading for each question.
• How would you evaluate and manage a pediatric patient who has a chest pain? Which diagnostic studies would you recommend for this patient and why? When would you refer the patient to a specialist?
• Will your differential diagnosis differ for a pediatric patient who presents with a murmur, depending on the patient’s age? Why or why not? Which diagnostic studies would you suggest if your patient presents a localized, musical, grade I/IV murmur?
• What would be defined in a pediatric patient as abnormal bruising? What diagnostic testing would you obtain to evaluate abnormal bruising further and why? What physical exam findings and diagnostic results would be concerning to you and why?

CHAPTER 13 (Santerre and Neun, 2006)
Please optionally answer only to 3 questions.

1. Explain how the relevant product market is typically defined for community hospitals. Why? How is the relevant geographical market defined? Why?
2. Assume there are ten equally sized hospitals in a market area. Calculate the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Two hospitals in the market area inform the Department of Justice that they wish to merge. According to the current DOJ merger guidelines, will the merger by contested? Explain.
3. What are some possible sources of barriers to entry into the hospital industry? What has the literature concluded about the severity of these barriers?
4. Explain how you might design a statistical test to examine the presence of a certificate-of-need law on hospital care expenditures. What would be your main hypothesis in this experiment? What would be the unit of analysis in your experiment? What variables would you specify on the right-hand side of the estimation equation to act as control variables? What would be your identification strategy to eliminate any concerns about reverse causation or a third variable affecting both the presence of a CON law and hospital care expenditures?
5. In Chapters 11 and 12, survivor analysis was discussed as a test to determine if larger-sized hospitals are more efficient at producing services than smaller-sized ones. If you were to use national data for hospitals based on bed size, discuss how you would set up the experiment to perform this survivor test for the hospital services industry. Now go to your library and locate various issues of Hospital Statistics, which is published by the American Hospital Association and use actual data to complete the analysis. Are larger-sized hospitals more efficient? Explain.
6. According to the text, empirical studies have not uncovered any strong evidence to indicate that cost savings result from a hospital belonging to a multihospital system. Yet, hospitals continue to consolidate and form multihospital systems. Why do you suppose that is the case?

7. Equation 13–3 in the text shows the Dorfman-Steiner condition for the optimal amount of advertising intensity for a monopoly. For a few nonteaching and teaching hospitals in your community, see if you can find data on advertising expenditures, revenues, and the accounting operating margin (i.e., net income/ revenues). Is it true that more profitable hospitals advertise more? Now use Equation 13–3 and those figures to impute the advertising elasticity of demand for those particular hospitals. Does a nonteaching or teaching hospital face a higher advertising elasticity?

8. Given the not-for-profit nature of most hospitals in the United States, do you think advertising and other types of promotion expenditures are warranted from a societal perspective? Explain.
If hospitals rely more on nonprice methods of competition, like advertising, quality, and convenience, hospital prices may become relatively rigid. The net effect of this trend on consumer welfare is uncertain and depends on a variety of considerations, including whether the nonprice methods promote real or illusory gains for consumers.
9. Your roommate is working on a paper for a medical sociology class. You are asked by her if the typical hospital in the United States possesses any market power. How would you respond? Use theory and empirical evidence to support your argument.
Most hospital markets are local in nature and tend to be concentrated. Entry into the hospital industry may be difficult due to the extent of technological specifications required. In addition to high sunk costs, other cost conditions, such as scale economies, learning curve effects, and system affiliation, may serve as barriers to entry.
10. Suppose 15 years from now you find yourself running a nonprofit hospital (apparently not a bad gig according to some of our former students). You make all of the major decisions for the hospital but must reach agreement with your board of directors for most of them. But, of course, you appointed most of them to their positions so the disagreement will likely be minimal. What would be your main goal or goals in running that nonprofit hospital? For example, would you request more pay for yourself or your staff, larger offices, or the acquiring of other hospitals? Could your decisions be construed as contrasting with (social) efficiency?
11. A study by Mark (1996) finds that not-for-profit psychiatric hospitals are no more efficient than their for-profit counterparts after controlling for quality. At the same time, the study finds that not-for-profit psychiatric hospitals provided a higher quality of care as measured by the number of violations and complaints received. Use the quality/quantity maximization model to explain these results.
12. Some economists have suggested that the best way to control medical costs is to remove the profit incentive for health care providers, particularly hospitals. This would involve making all hospitals not-for-profit institutions. Use the utility maximization model to explain the likely impact such a policy would have on the cost of producing hospital services. What would happen if instead a policy was instituted that reduced barriers to entry in the hospital sector and therefore made the market more competitive?

13. Suppose a state attorney challenges the tax-exempt status of ACME Hospital because of a disagreement over the amount of charitable care the hospital has been providing. The attorney general claims that the hospital provided only $25.9 million in charity care over the last five years. Using a much broader definition of charity care that included items that were not reimbursed, such as the costs of community service programs and education, ACME claimed it had provided $191.9 million of charity care over that same period. In addition, ACME was criticized for adding an extravagant, nine-story building called the Wile E. Coyote Tower that included a spacious, two-story lobby, a health club, and a gourmet restaurant. Use the economic theory developed in this chapter to put the debate between the attorney general and ACME in a broader context.

14. Studies using data prior to 1983 found that increased hospital competition led to higher hospital prices. How do researchers explain that result? What have more recent studies concluded about the relation between competition and prices in the hospital industry? Why has this change occurred?
15. Explain the theoretical reasoning why economists suspect that hospitals with different ownership forms will behave differently with respect to price, quality, and access. Also, explain some of the reasons why most empirical studies have not found any significant differences between for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals with regards to their performance.
16. Given that empirical studies find that both HMOs and state rate-review programs have been relatively successful at containing costs, would you prefer more managed care competition or a single-payer system? Explain your choice.
17. You learned in this chapter that hospitals expenditures continue to grow and the hospital services price inflation exceeds that of the general price inflation rate. Do you think these increases resulted from imperfections in the hospital services market such as a nonprofit motivation, insurance coverage, CON laws, etc. or because of the normal functioning of supply and demand? Explain.
18. What does cost shifting involve? Why do many economists suspect that cost shifting may not occur in practice? Theoretically, what conditions are necessary for hospitals to practice cost shifting?
19. Explain would you conduct a study to determine if hospitals produce flat-of-the-curve medicine? Does the discussion surrounding Figure 13–7 refer to flat-of-the-curve medicine? Why or why not?
20. Go to the March 2011 MedPAC report to Congress at the following site and learn more about the characteristics of hospitals treating Medicare patients in the United States: http://www.medpac.gov/chapters/Mar11_Ch03.pdf. Also visit the American
Hospital Trend Chartbook to learn about various trends concerning and affecting community hospitals: http://www.aha.org/research/reports/tw/chartbook/index.shtml.

Section 2

1. Describe three benefits associated with pharmaceutical products.

2. What is the economic rationale behind a patent?
3. Why might the FDA tend to delay the drug approval process? Explain in terms of type 1 and type 2 errors.

4. Physician assistants have long argued that they have the ability to provide as much as 70 percent of the medical services provided by primary care physicians at a much lower cost. Yet government regulations limit their ability to work independently of physicians. Explain what would happen to the level of competition in the physician services market if all the statues limiting the activities of physician assistants were eliminated.
5. Discuss the theoretical issues surrounding the supplier-induced demand theory.

6. Who is the largest buyer of hospital services?
Section 3
1. We have learned that production efficiency is achieved when society is receiving the maximum amount of output from its limited resources. Explain how cost-benefit analysis can be utilized to achieve that outcome.

2. In your own words describe the difference between cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis.
3. You have just been hired by your city’s department of health. Your first task is to use cost-benefit analysis to evaluate a smoking awareness program that the department has been promoting for two years. Under the smoking awareness program, the department of health sends a team of health care professionals to various private firms free of charge to lecture to employees about the risks of smoking. The lecture takes one hour and is given during the work day. Describe the costs and benefits you should consider in your analysis.

 
Mobile Health Information Security

• The approved outline will be attached with several resources
• The Article is 2000 words Max from beginning of introduction to the end of conclusion
• The Document Structure is (Abstract, Table of Content, Introduction, The Essay, Conclusion, References)
• The requested Article by the lecturer is “Critical analysis of one aspect of information Governance in the context of any Health Organization”.
• This is a critical Analysis essay – must emphasize & reflect the critical analysis writing type-.
• This is about information governance (IG), there should be always a mention back to it.
• There Must be at least 24 to 25 references
• This is a critical Analysis essay – must emphasize & reflect the critical analysis writing type-.
• Be careful to differentiate between examples & fact –rely on facts not on examples-.
• This is based on “British” English.
• The bibliography & citation style is APA 6th Edition