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Computer Readiness and Hypothesis Testing

The assignment:

This is a preliminary assignment using Microsoft Excel’s Analysis Toolpak and the statistical package SAS to solve a statistical inference problem. As you work, keep in mind you are collecting results in a single word processing file to be saved as a Word file

How to do it:

1. View the Quick Start Guide to SAS in the Cloudlocated on my personal site. Work through this Quick Start Guide and save your SAS commands (“SAS code” or “command file”) and statistical results. Be sure to save the results you get, near the end of the Quick Start Guide, when you deliberately make SAS mistakes.
2. Having done the work so far to familiarize yourself with how Excel and SAS statistical tools work, now consider the problem at hand: advising employees who participate in a firm’s 401(k) investment program. Two different kinds of investments are available: (1) actively managed funds, which hire managers who conduct analysis and seek the best investments; and (2) passively managed funds that only seek to track market indexes, thereby getting an average return before expenses.
3. One possible null hypothesis is that active and passive investors have the same long-term return. After conducting some online research and before looking this problem’s data set, answer in words and explain: What is a reasonable alternative hypothesis? Cite any online sources that you use.
4. Bring up Microsoft Excel and install the Analysis Toolpak. Directions are located at https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Load-the-Analysis-ToolPak-305c260e-224f-4739-9777-2d86f1a5bd89(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. For earlier versions of Excel, the toolpak works just the same way, but you will need to find directions for your own older version.
5. From the Canvas site’s Files, download data01.xlsx and open it in Excel. Using the Analysis Toolpak you just installed, choose Descriptive Statistics and OK. Enter the data range b2..b32 and check the box for Summary Statistics. Click OK, and you should now have a summary statistics table for the variable RETURN, which equals each participant’s rate of return for a specified period. You’ll be putting this table into the document you submit at the end of this assignment.
6. The constructed data set data01.xlsx reflects the experience of employees who invested in their firm’s 401(k) plan. PASSIVE is a variable equal to 1 for those who invested in the passive option, and equal to 0 for those who invested in actively managed funds. The null hypothesis is H₀: m₀= m₁ . In symbols, what is your alternative hypothesis?
7. Now Microsoft Excel’s Tools Data Analysis to calculate Descriptive Statistics (check the Summary Statistics option) separately for the passive and active investors. Hang onto both sets of summary statistics to turn in.
8. Set up a two-tailed test of the hypothesis that for the non-passive investors only(those with PASSIVE = 0) the average return is 4.14 percent. (H₀: m₁ = 4.14). Show all calculations for the test statistic, remembering that it equals the [(actual value of the sample mean minus the value it would have under the null hypothesis), all divided by the calculated standard error]. Report whether or not you reject the null hypothesis at the 5 percent significance level. Using the computer or a pen at your option, draw a graph to illustrate your test.
9. Set up a one-tailed test of the null hypothesis that the average return of the non-passiveinvestors is greater than or equal to 4.14. (H₀: m₁ ≥14). Report whether or not you reject the null hypothesis at the 5 percent significance level. Using the computer or a pen at your option, draw a graph to illustrate your test.
10. Next, use Microsoft Excel to do a two-sample test of the null hypothesis that there is no difference in returns between active and passive investors. Be sure to use the “t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances” analysis tool under Tools Data Analysis. You will enter the cells for one group as “Variable 1” and the other group as “Variable 2.” Hang on to the results of this test to turn in. You do not need to provide any commentary on this test.
11. Finally, use SAS to run a difference of means test on this data set. Keep your SAS command file and results of this test, and save them to turn in as part of your file. You will probably need to consult the full SAS guide located on Canvas to get the necessary commands to run this test. You do not need to provide any commentary on this test.

One additional note: Because of differences in the null hypothesis, do not expect that you will get identical t-statistics when you do the different versions of this test.

What to turn in:

In a single Word .docx file, submit your answers to the questions. Include, in this order:

• a description and error messages from the mistakes you generated in the SAS Quick-Start Guide
• the result of running the SAS Quick-Start Guide problem
• your answer the question about active vs. passive investors, with citation
• the table of descriptive statistics from the full sample and the active and passive parts
• full support for your calculated t-statistics in the hypothesis tests
• drawings of your hypothesis tests (use a computer, or draw and then take a picture with your phone).
• results of your Excel two-sample hypothesis test
• your SAS command file from the final question
• SAS results from the final question

Other notes:

1. Be sure to carefully cite any online sources that you use

 

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I have attached the background, research problem, research questions and Hypothesis. Bases on that information write statistical Methodology answer the followings. Each bold headed topic should be each new paragraph started and cover each bullet points headings.  Also I have attached the more supporting documents

The Research Statistical Framework

Instructions:   Begin each paragraph with the statement shown.  Then, complete the paragraph using the concepts shown in the bullets.  You can change the wording of the statements and the bullets.  

The researcher will obtain data from …

• Explain where your data will derive from
• Describe the type of data that will be collected
• Identify the data as quantitative or qualitative
• Elaborate on how the data will be collected

The data will be tabulated using computer software.

• Describe the software(s) that will be used to tabulate the data(stat crunch and excel)
• What format style will the data be presented in

 The data will be plotted to display the graphical characteristic and parameters of the data.

• Describe the software(s) that will be used to plot the data
• What format style will the graphs be presented in

The statistical method to test the hypothesis will be determined based on the shape and graphical characteristic of the graph.

• Provide a statement that explains the following: the plot will determine if the data is parametric or non-parametric (parametric means normal while non-parametric means not normal)
• Describe in your words the following: based on the shape of the plotted data, a decision will be made as to the appropriate statistical hypothesis method to test the hypothesis. Some examples of statistical methods are the z-score, t-test, ANOVA and Chi-square, to name a few

The researcher will complete the analysis of the data using an appropriate statistical method.  

• Describe the confidence interval that will be used (eg, 90%, 95%, 99%…)

The researcher will reach a conclusion based on the results of the statistical analysis.  The researcher will articulate the conclusion and pertinent details to support the conclusion of the research question and hypothesis statements.

Describe in your words the following:

• The results will be used to decide if the null hypothesis is rejected.
• If the null hypothesis is rejected, then the analysis suggests that the research hypothesis is supported. The conclusion will have a statement similar to the following: “The result of the statistical test of the hypotheses indicates that the null hypothesis can be rejected.  This suggests that the research hypothesis of this Graduate Capstone Paper is supported.  The findings are statistically significant with a p=0.05 or an equivalent confidence interval of 95%.”
• If the null hypothesis test is not rejected, plausible explanations will be provided as to why the null hypothesis was not rejected.P(5.u)

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Assume the role of a fraud consultant who has been hired by ACME Company to provide a presentation to 100 nationwide managers. Specifically, create a PowerPoint presentation that will outline the key preventative steps for each store to follow in order to reduce the potential for inventory fraud. Assume that ACME is a big box home improvement company similar to Home Depot and Lowes. Make sure you tailor your presentation to these mid-level managers.
In your 6-slide PowerPoint presentation,not including the cover page and reference page. you must support your claims with at least Four references. Your submission must be formatted according to the to Writing and APA Requirements.

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Alliance Supermarket and Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems
Read the “Alliance Supermarket” case study in Chapter 10 of your text.

Alliance Supermarkets has been using a point-of-sale (POS) system for some time to track its inventory. The system uses a laser scanner to read the universal product code (UPC) on each item at the checkout container. The UPC is a number that uniquely identifies the product on which it appears. Currently, Alliance is using the UPC information to update inventory records for each item. Although the system has greatly improved the company’s ability to replenish inventory promptly, the company still has some problems. For example, sudden changes in demand for a particular item can catch the company by surprise as it bases inventory replenishment on historical demand patterns. Further, demand patterns and preferences may vary from one store to another depending on the customers served by each, but the inventory system groups all demand information together and treats each store equally. Finally, the manufacturers that make the products stocked by Alliance Supermarkets are always pressuring Alliance to help them target appropriate customers for special promotions and sales.

The chief information officer (CIO) of Alliance realizes that much more could probably be done with the data collected from its POS system. For example, the company could analyze the relationship between each product’s sales and weather patterns. It is even possible to analyze an individual customer’s buying habits and identify instances in which a customer may be persuaded to try a different brand of a certain product.

For this assignment be sure to address the following points:

Study this situation and formulate new and innovative uses of the information from the POS system. Ideally, these ideas should help Alliance better serve its customers by ensuring that adequate quantities of each item are available, that costs are kept low, and that customers are made aware of new products that may interest them.
Describe any information that may help Alliance reduce costs while providing better service.
Propose a new approach that could be used by Alliance by using the purchase information that can be obtained on individual customers.
Assess ethical and privacy considerations of information gathered from the POS system or purchased items.
Your paper should be in paragraph form (avoid the use of bullet points) and supported with the concepts outlined in your text and additional scholarly sources.

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You will examine an emerging technology in an area of your interest or relevant to your profession.The submission will take the form of a one-page summary in a graphical format as done in Infographics.

Choice of Emerging Technology

Technology can be interpreted as new emerging technologies (e.g. augmented reality) or can be newtechniques (e.g. gamification) or can be new concepts (e.g. crowdsourcing, digital dexterity, citizendata scientist) or can even be new ways of doing old things (e.g. selling products in Facebook). Youcan either choose a specific tool such as 3D printing or a generic concept (e.g. citizen data scientist)as technology to examine in detail. Your chosen technology cannot be a critique of an industry as awhole or a pioneering technology company. Examples of new technologies that students may wish to select include:

• Augmented reality
• Mobile applications
• Social gaming/gamification
• The Internet of Things
• Social media
• Cloud computing
• Wearable technologies
• Robotics
• 3D printing
• Futuristic technology (i.e. based on trend maps for different sectors, such as Gartner Hype cycle, Horizon report, Futurism Facebook Page )

Task Summary

Your task is to first select a specific technology. For the chosen technology find out the following and summarise in one page in a graphical format as done in Infographics.

• What: what is the technology and for what purposes it may be used
• Who: who might use this new technology
• When and where: when and where it might be used and how. What types of services may benefit from its use
• Analysis of the issues and impacts: social benefits and risks of technology use

Submission

The submission will take the form of a one-page summary in a graphical format as donein Infographics.

we are choosing Infographswhich is atrendy new way of sharing data and information (e.g. Sensis report findings were presented asinfographs rather than simple text).

There is no word limit as it will vary depending on how you choose to present the information. Think about it as an A4-size poster. Brevity and summary skills would be fundamental for this exercise.

You may also like to cite (i.e. in-text) relevant academic papers to support your argument andfindings. The scholarly journals, conferences and magazines can be used. You may need a mix of journal articles and popular/professional articles aboutyour technology.

Note the citations that informed your submission should be added as a reference in addition to the one-page (A4) summary in infograph style. Essentially it means the PDF document would be at least 2 pages long. Make sure the summary is presented using graphic visualisations and is appealing to the reader.

Assignment Rubric

A full assessment rubric is provided below. You will be assessed based on the following rubric.

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Researchers: Direction and Rubric for Materials/Methods

Submitted in week 5

The purpose of the materials and methods section is to explain your research in such detail that it could be repeated by another group of scientists and their results would be identical to yours. These sections in all scholarly papers are written in paragraph form and do not include any bullet point lists. It is also written in the past tense and formally. There will be less in text citations in this section in comparison to the lit review and the conclusion but they are NOT optional. If you are using someone else’s idea or information that is not common knowledge you MUST cite the source. These sections do not include background information. If you find yourself writing about anything other than materials and methods used it need to go in either you lit review or conclusion. It is purely the recipe of the research paper.

Risks Associated with Colorectal Cancer

Methods and Materials

This is the points that you have to develop inside the paper and the instructions of the it .

Nutritionfacts.org

How to change your enterotype as an experiment as a doctor

• Enterotype of fast food dietary
• Healthy diet
• Enterotype of how do you measure your enterotype

First you must identify

• Independent variable (there will only be one)
• Dependent variables (you will need 2 at least)
• Variables you will control for
• Control Group
• Experimental group

Materials

Includes a comprehensive list of all the materials needed for the experiment including

• The number of subjects and the inclusion criteria
• Units of measurement

Methods

Includes a step by step details account of the techniques used to collect data written in the past tense

Justifies the use of each technique used to collect valid data

Examples of how to start this section

• To investigate the correlation between
• To confirm the presence of
• To identify the cause of

PHE: Direction and Rubric for Legislative and Educational Intervention

The purpose of the projected outcomes section is to explain the three policy changes and two educational interventions you wish to make and to justify them. These sections in all scholarly papers are written in paragraph form and do not include any bullet point lists. It is also written in the future tense and formally. There will be less in text citations in this section in comparison to the lit review and the conclusion but they are NOT optional. If you are using someone else’s idea or information that is not common knowledge you MUST cite the source. These sections do not typically include background information with some room for exceptions.   See the outline for guidance on the layout.

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200 words: Learn about the sociological imagination by watching and discussing this week’s video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Trx_qI3E2dY
1. Watch the video about a group that dances with snakes and consider as a sociologist: Why would someone dance with a poisonous snake?
2. Discuss the social characteristics of the group—low socioeconomic standing, no access to medical care, rural, uneducated, older, and patriarchal. Use these social characteristics to reexamine the actions of the group’s members.

125 words: Respond as a peer:
Using the parameters listed, I get it, but it is also somewhat reminiscent of pagan religions in the thought that they worship different things they have been exposed to. In that kind of community I would imagine you would believe what you were taught, but at the same time he did say his mother is not supportive of it, which also leads me to feel that women might not have the most highly regarded opinions. As well, I feel that anyone living any form of destitution looks to something to believe in as respite from negativity, that actually brings to mind AA and the member who chose his higher power to be a doorknob and was able to stay clean and sober.

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200 words: Developmental change takes place in three fundamental domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional/social. Which domain has been most important for your becoming who you are? Will any one of the domains become more important as you get older? (chosen domain: social)

125 words: Respond to this as a peer:
Growing up I was always so concerned with the physical domain. I wanted to look a certain way and wished for what I lacked that other girls would have. Now that I’m older I don’t want to change my physical nature nearly as much as I used to. It wasn’t until a my late teens/early twenties I started to focus on more on the cognitive domain and the socioemotional domain. Being so concerned with my physical appearance always had me feeling negatively with myself, which in turn effected the rest of my thoughts leading to depression. It was then that I needed to start focusing on positive thinking and lifting my spirits. I knew that once I was happy with myself I would be able to better the relationships that I had with others.
As I get older all three domains are still important to me. I make it a mission to go to the gym at least three times a week and eat healthy. I also maintain a healthy way of thinking and good relationships with others. I don’t think I’ve felt any symptoms of depression in a while, which is a relief!

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Create 1 chart and put in paper

Your research proposal was well received by the selection committee, as was your colleague’s. The committee is unable to make a decision due to the high caliber and rigor of both proposals. As a result, they are requesting the candidates critique an experiment, reproduce it, and submit a detailed report as a tiebreaker. They have not specified which experiment to analyze; however, they stipulate that it must be found within a peer-reviewed publication within the last ten years.

First, locate a research study that contains a reproducible experiment taking the time and resource constraints of the course into consideration.

Second, analyze the original study and address the items described below:

Describe the problem addressed. Why is it important? Is this an agreed-upon problem?
Describe what was accomplished by the study. What was not achieved?
Describe the methodology the study utilized. Was it appropriate? Justify.
Describe the study results and the contribution it made to the body of knowledge, if any.
Describe possible extensions to the research, if any. In what ways can the study be enhanced or modified to provide additional value? Discuss any limitations or assumptions held within the study and how they can be addressed.
Present the study’s experiment that will be reproduced. Be sure to outline the setup and resources utilized.
Describe how you will reproduce the experiment. How does your experiment differ from the original? In what ways were they the same? How do your results compare with the original results and what conclusions can be drawn with the additional data provided by your experiment?
Finally, reproduce the experiment and document the setup, procedure, and results. Create any tables, graphs, raw results, or aggregate reports that would allow for direct comparison with the original study.

Ensure that your critique is comprehensive and meets the quality expectations of Senior Capstone level work.

Length: 5-10 pages

References: Support your assignment with 5 appropriate and relevant scholarly references

Your work should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University’s Academic Integrity Policy.

Submit the original study (in PDF format), your critique, experiment outputs, and results in a Microsoft Word Document along with PDF copies of all works referenced using the Submit to Dropbox Button.

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