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Argument and Solution

Prepare: The topic of your essay needs to be a global societal problem from the following list: adult illiteracy, funding for General Education vs STEM in primary and secondary schools, minimum wage, oceans desertification, overcoming the digital divide, refugee (escaping persecution, war, or death) crises, species extinctions (modern), tax havens, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), universal statement of human rights (pick one), airport security, or wealth disparity. Review this GEN499 Sample Final Paper Guide for additional guidance on the expectations of this assignment.

Reflect: Based on the topic that you have chosen, you will need to use critical thinking skills to thoroughly understand how this topic can be a global societal problem and determine some logical solution(s) to the problem.

Write: This Final Argumentative Essay will present research relating the critical thinker to the modern, globalized world. In this assignment, you need to address the following items in separate sections with new headings for each:

Identify the global societal problem within the introductory paragraph and conclude with a thesis statement that states your proposed solution(s) to the problem. For guidance on how to construct a good introduction paragraph, please review the Introduction Paragraph Guideline from the Ashford Writing Center.
Describe background information on how that problem developed or came into existence. Show why this is a societal problem, and provide perspectives from multiple disciplines or populations so that you fully represent what different parts of society have to say about this issue.
Construct an argument supporting your proposed solution(s). Be sure to consider multiple disciplines or populations so that your solution shows that multiple parts of society will benefit from this solution. Provide evidence from multiple scholarly sources as evidence that your proposed solution is viable.
Interpret statistical data from at least three, peer-reviewed scholarly sources. Do this by discussing the validity, reliability, and any biases; identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these sources; and pointing out limitations of current research and attempting to indicate areas for future research. You may even use visual representations such as graphs or charts to explain statistics from sources. Evaluate the ethical outcomes that result from your solution. Be sure to provide at least one positive ethical outcome as well as at least one negative ethical outcome that could result from your solution, and explain at least two ethical issues related to each of those outcomes. It’s important to consider all of society.
Develop a conclusion as the last paragraph(s) of the essay, starting with rephrasing your thesis statement and then presenting the major points of the topic and how they support your argument. For guidance on how to write a good conclusion paragraph, please review the Conclusion Paragraph Guideline from the Ashford Writing Center.
The Final Argumentative Essay

Must be 3,300 – 3,900 words in length (approximately between 10 – 12 pages; excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Running header with page numbers
Must include in-text citations from at least 10 scholarly sources. Be sure to integrate your research rather than simply inserting it.
Must document all sources in APA style as outlined here and here.
Must have no more than 15% quoted material in the body of your essay based on the Turnitin report. Reference list will be excluded from the Turnitin originality score.
Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Source Document Requirements:

Multimedia sources (such as videos) may be used, but no more than two such sources may be used. If multimedia sources are used, they must be authored and distributed by credible sources, such as universities, law schools, medical schools, or professors, or found in the Ashford University Library.
Government sources may be used, but no more than two such sources may be used. Examples include whitehouse.gov, state.gov, usa.gov, cdc.gov, etc. These websites can be used to make a stronger point about your proposed soluation within the argument.
Where print documents are used for source materials, those must be peer-reviewed, scholarly journal articles, and academically published books. Popular media sources (e.g., newspapers, magazines, television and radio shows, etc.) must not be used. Materials from advocacy groups (e.g., Greenpeace, Human Rights Campaign, National Organization for Women, etc.) must not be used.
Sites such as ProCon.org and Wikipedia must not be used.
Religious texts must not be used.

 

DB 5 Ch 14

Complete the Data Case attached (pages 1 & 2) on Home Depot. This case explores the capital structure of Home Depot Home Improvement stores and the impact of this capital structure on the firm’s WACC. data cases from the textbook, require current market data for their inputs. All market data (e.g., prices, rates, shares outstanding, etc.) must be current and the date the data is retrieved must be included in your analysis. Any solution using data that is more than one week old will receive a grade of 0.

D ata Case You work in the corporate finance division of The Home Depot and your boss has asked you to
review the firms capital structure. Specifically, your boss is considering changing the firm’s debt level.
Your boss remembers something from his MBA program about capital structure being irrelevant, but
isn’t quite sure what that means. You know that capital structure is irrelevant under the conditions
of perfect markets and will demonstrate this point for your boss by showing that the weighted aver-
age cost of capital remains constant under various levels of debt. So, for now, suppose that capital
markets are perfect as you prepare responses for your boss.

You would like to analyze relatively modest changes to Home Depot’s capital structure. You
would like to consider two scenarios: the firm issues $1 billion in new debt to repurchase stock, and
the firm issues $1 billion in new stock to repurchase debt. Use Excel to answer the following ques-
tions using Eqs. 14.5 and 14.6, and assuming a cost of unlevered equity (rU) of 12%.

1. Obtain the financial information you need for Home Depot.

a. Go to www.nasdaqoim, and under “Quotes and Research” click “Summary Quotes.” Enter
Home Depot’s stock symbol (HD) and click “Go Now.” From the Stock Quote 86 Summary
Data page, get the current stock price. Click “Stock Report” in the left column and find the
number of shares outstanding.

b. Click “Income Statement” and the annual income statement should appear. Put the cursor in
the middle of the statement, right-click your mouse, and select “Export to Microsoft Excel.”
(You will not need the income statement until Chapter 15, but collect all of the background data
in one step.) On the Web page, click the Balance Sheet tab. Export the balance sheet to Excel as
well and then cut and paste the balance sheet to the same worksheet as the income statement.

c. To get the cost of debt for Home Depot, go to NASD Bondlnfo (httpz//cxa.marketwarch
com/finra/BondCenter/Defaultnspx). Select the “Corporate” option, enter Home Depot’s
symbol, and click “Search.” The next page will contain information for all of Home Depot’s
outstanding and recently matured bonds. Select the latest yield on an outstanding bond with
the shortest remaining maturity (the maturity date is on the line describing each issue; some-
times the list also contains recently retired bonds, so make sure not to use one of those). Farr
simplicity, since you are just trying to illustrate the main concepts for your boss, you
the existing yield on the outstanding bond as rD. , i?

2. Compute the market D/E ratio for Home Depot. Approximate the market value of debt by the
book value of net th‘bi; inch: ie both Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Debt/ Current Portion of
Long-Term Debt from the balance sheet and subtract any cash holdings. Use the stock price and
number of shares outsmnding to calculate the market value of equity.

3. Compute the cost of levered equity (7-5) For Home Depot using their current market debt-to-
equity ratio and liq. 14.5.

4. Compute the current weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Home Depot using Eq. 14.6
given their current debt-to-equity ratio.

5. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 for the two scenarios you would like to analyze, issuing $1 billion in debt
to repurchase stock, and issuing $1 billion in stock to repurchase debt. (Although you realize that
the cost of debt capital rD may change with changes in leverage, for these modestly small changes
you decide to assume that Q; remains constant. We will explore the relation between changing

leverage and changing rD more fully in Chapter 24.) What is the market D/E ratio in each of
these cases?

5. Prepare a written explanation for your boss explaining the relationship between capital structure
and the cost of capital in this exercise.

7. What implicit assumptions in this exercise generate the results found in Question 5? How might
your results differ in the “real world”?

•300-500 words containing the following information: ◦Which primary energy source does your electric company use to generate electricity (coal, nuclear, renewables, etc.)? ◾Cite the source for this information.
◦What changes could you make to decrease your energy use?
◦What changes could you make to increase your energy efficiency?
◦Which changes will be most difficult for you to implement? Why do you think so?

Write and submit a two page paper with 3 references that addresses the following:
Research and write about three of the nine dangerous goods (cargo) categories. Include information on:
o Cargo handling
o Regulations
o Aircraft considerations
1. blood samples – this relates to infectious substances which are known or are reasonably expected to contain pathogens.
2. Non-flammable, non toxic gas – which are those that asphyxiates or oxidizing, which are determined by tests or by calculation
3. corrosive substances – substances which by chemical action can cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue or leakage

What are some of the models and frameworks of EBP currently in use? How does the strength of the evidence determine translation into practice? Why is it important to integrate both evidence-based practice and patient and family preferences? What is the nurse’s responsibility when EBP and patient and family practice do not match?

Egalitarian or Hierarchical Structure
Utilizing the library for research, pick an organization that has a egalitarian or hierarchical structure. Explain what information you learned

about the organization that brought you to that conclusion. Does it add value to the organization as a whole?

For this exam, you will apply the concepts and methods we covered in the course to explore and analyze a public problem. The problem can be policy- or management-oriented, but must focus on public concerns (e.g., how should municipalities handle water quality and management; what should be done regarding the inflow of Syrian refugees to the US). You will essentially be writing a policy or management term paper, but I have given you a template for organizing and addressing all elements of the problem in the form of headings with specific questions that you should address. Your final paper may include the headings (indeed, I find that helpful in grading), but should not include the questions in your text.

Submit this final exam as a Word document, 12-point font, 1.5 or double-spaced, to the Carmen dropbox by 5pm on Friday, April 29th. I will not accept late exams. The “TurnItIn” plagiarism function is activated, so do not reuse work from other classes. Be sure to include your name and page numbers and appropriate citations to outside sources. There is no page or word limit to this paper, but I value concise, complete language. If you are efficient in your writing, you should be able to provide a complete analysis in 1200-1500 words.

We will have a workshop in class on Monday (4/18) where you can get feedback on your topic and model. Attendance that day will count as a quiz grade.

Problem Definition
1. Summarize the problem, issue, or phenomenon you are interested in.
a. In neutral, specific terms, what is the collective action problem? (one sentence, neutral framing) What is the observation – the pattern or phenomenon – that is central to the issue?
b. Why is this phenomenon a problem? Consider its scope, magnitude, and trend.
c. Who are the key public decision makers (i.e., elected representatives or career administrators)? Who are the actors that have the legal authority and responsibility to make a decision on the issue at hand?
d. Are there other sources of legitimate authority that influence the decision makers in this case? Are there are particular social or economic actors or groups that draw on this authority?
e. Whom does the phenomenon affect? Are there particular groups, individuals, or features of society that are disproportionately affected?

2. What makes this problem complex; i.e.. why is a fully clear, rational, optimal solution to the problem difficult or impossible to attain?
a. What are the key elements of information ambiguity? What is not known? In what ways is the evidence unclear? What’s uncertain?
b. What are the main value conflicts involved in this issue? What is the source of the paradox, the seemingly irreconcilable meanings about the values involved?
c. What are the primary resource constraints to consider?
d. What cognitive or social traps might be limiting clear, efficient decision making? (Identify and explain at least three.)

Objectives
3. When people define or frame a problem, they are drawing on some implicit objective – something that they want to achieve or improve by taking action to “solve” the problem. In terms of Stone’s categories of collective goals (equity, efficiency, welfare, liberty, security), what is/are the implied objective(s) of making a decision related to this problem?
a. In terms of the big three approaches to decision making we discussed in class, what is the goal of the decision makers in this case (i.e., to optimize, to satisfice, to mobilize)? What approach are they likely to take?

Alternatives
4. As with any decision problem, the status quo (to take no action) is always an option, even if it is generally accepted as being an undesirable one. In addition to taking no action, what are the decision alternatives (at least 2) available in this situation?
a. What objective(s) is the implied priority for each of these alternatives?
b. Are there factions/groups that are particularly like to advocate for these alternatives? What assumptions about values and information do those actors have that make them likely to favor a particular course of action.

Decision Assessment
5. Now it’s time for you to help the decision maker(s) take action. Using one of the methods that we discussed in class, construct an explicit model that incorporates the relevant elements of the decision process to help the decision maker(s) decide on a course of action.
a. Identify the name of the generic method of model you are using (e.g., Schelling’s sorting model; Bayes’ Rule)
b. Define the outcome of interest (i.e., the phenomenon, behavior, or pattern you’re modeling).
c. Identify the units of observation / action / analysis on which observations are made or data is drawn.
d. Identify the key variables or features that contribute to the outcome.
e. Specify the arrangement or structure of the relationships among the variables at the outcome. Is it an equation? Is it a graph of the pattern over space or time?
f. To the extent that you can, set up the model in the context of the problem. This does not require that you do a lot of empirical work, it just means that you have to provide a reasonable set of values to show how the model is applied to this problem. If possible, solve the model for the outcome.

Discussion
6. Thinking back to Epstein, what are the primary reasons (discuss at least 2) that building explicit models is useful to understand and guide decision making in this scenario?
7. Is the model that you constructed a normative model or a descriptive model?
8. What are the limitations of the explicit model you have built? (Consider the limits of the general approach this model takes to decision making in the context of the problem you’re studying.)
9. How does your model “improve” the decision making process? Why does it not eliminate the need for human judgment?
10. What decision or course of action would you recommend to the decision maker? Why?

Please provide detail answers and include the questions to each: Must include 2 reliable academic recourses per questions

1. Why is a needs assessment necessary?
2. In order for training to be effective; both learning and transfer must occur. What in Chapter 4 explains these concepts?

 

Health Care
1 create a schedule with the following request using the census of 17 and calculate the number of staff needed
first determine how many employees are on each shift for day, evening, and night shift. then calculate the # of RNs and UAPs needed per day, evening and

night shift. next put all request on your calendar. finally create a schedule using this empty schedule grid. remember employees do not like to work every

weekend

SCHEDULE FOR SEPTEMBER 2050
September 7-3 Shift–45%: Include number of RN’s needed for this shift
M T W Th F S S M T W Th F S S M T W Th F

S S M T W Th F S S M T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
RNs

UAPs

September 3-11 Shift – 36%: Include number of RN’s needed for this shift
M T W Th F S S M T W Th F S S M T W Th F

S S M T W Th F S S M T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
RNs

UAPs

September 11-7 Shift – 19%: Include number of RN’s needed for this shift
M T W Th F S S M T W Th F S S M T W Th F

S S M T W Th F S S M T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
RNs

UAPs

Total # of Staff

Key: V – Scheduled off / PTO X – Working FP – Float Pool RN Staff Additional symbols can be added as you deem necessary

 

Module 03 Skills Assignment – Microsoft Word Formatting
Before you start this assignment, give some thought to the following questions:
•How do you utilize the Internet?
•How does the Internet impact your daily life?
•How is the Internet used professionally?
•How will the Internet apply to your future career?

In a 1-2-page Word document, summarize your ideas and provide examples on the above questions.

Use the following formatting techniques to complete the assignment:
1.Double space the document.
2.Set spacing before and after the paragraphs to zero.
3.Set one inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and right.
4.Insert a header. It should contain your name. Use the header style of your choice.
5.Insert a footer. Use a style that contains both text and a page number.
6.Tab in the first line of each paragraph.
7.Use bold and italics at least once properly.
8.Check spelling and grammar.
9.Reread (proof) before submitting.

Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document. (Mac users, please remember to append the “.docx” extension to the filename.) The name of the file should be your first initial and last name, followed by an underscore and the name of the assignment, and an underscore and the date. An example is shown below: