Assignment One
Volcano Discussion Forum
The Prompt – Read All of this at least twice!!
Oh No! Mt. Rainier has erupted with an explosive force ten times that of the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption, so this is a big one and you are a news reporter based in Tacoma, Washington. Your specialty is science and you’re really talented at explaining science news to the public. Your editor wants an article on the eruption that not only tells what is happening, but explains why it is happening. Get to work!
Your editor wants you to cover at least the following list, but he expects you to do a lot of research on your own, cite your sources, and have a great article ready to go for tomorrow’s paper. Your editor is giving you the front page so this should be a substantial news report with lots of details, background info, room for a map and pictures…..
- Were there any precursers to the eruption, what were they and why were they happening?
- What’s the eruptive history of Mt. Ranier?
- What is the tectonic setting of the volcano and how does this affect the type of explosion that is occurring?
- Describe the type of eruption that occurred and what type of materials were ejected.
- Describe other hazards caused by the eruption such as mud flows….
- Describe how the surrounding area is being affected and what the emergency response is.
- Interview a local volcanologist and include a few quotes from her.
- You’re trying to educate the public, so use those geological terms but explain what they mean.
Grading Notes
All of the information in your news report should be well-researched and factually accurate to a real life eruption at Mt. Rainier ten times as large as the Mt. St. Helens eruption (don’t know how big this one was… look it up!). The eruptive style should match what scientists think would happen here. Section 6.14 in your Reynolds book should help you get started, but you’ll need to do additional research on your own. CITE all of your sources!!!!
You should complete this assignment in Microsoft Word! You can then copy and paste it into the DB or attach it as a file. The very best articles will look and read like a real news article.
Assignment Two
Geologic Timescale Assignment
Concept
To better understand the concept of geologic time, your assignment is to produce a time-scale illustration that is true to scale and reflects some of the important events in the history of the earth (see list below-you only have to put the events in boldface on your illustration). The exercise requires that you produce an illustration to share with the class on our discussion board and that you write a short essay that: (1) discusses why you chose the metaphor you used; (2) shows an example of one of your math calculations; and (3) discusses what you learned from this exercise including your perspective of where humans fit in the grand scheme of things. Have fun! Be creative! No Illustration is too silly, as long as your math is correct and your choice has meaning to you. Your instructor appreciates unusual and distinctive efforts. However, if you’re not feeling very creative on this one, just pick a simple approach and do a neat, accurate job. Don’t get hung up obsessing over your approach, pick something that works for you and do it. Remember that you are trying to convey a sense of Earth’s entire history with an illustration so neatness counts, color coding is helpful, pictures are also useful. Email me with any questions that you have.
Posting your Work
You can produce your illustration in any way that you choose. It can be a Word document, scan of a hand drawn picture, graphic design, video, photograph…. Whatever best shows your work. It does need to be easily visible and clear so that your fellow students and your instructor can clearly see your work. You can attach it to your thread or embed it in your essay.
How To
The method used to determine a true-to-scale illustration will be similar for all choices. Units in the illustration can be in time, distance, volume, mass, etc. depending upon what type of illustration you choose to work with. The general equation used to generate numbers in your illustration which will be true to scale is:
Known age of past event (years before present = Your time scale illustration equivalent unknown (x)
Known age of the earth (years before present Your illustration’s max measurement (time, distance, volume, mass, etc..)
For example, suppose your illustration uses distance as its “guiding light.” Remember, the use of time, volume, or mass in an illustration would be just dandy. Since we are using a distance illustration as an example here, a football field with a length of 100 yds will do just fine. To find where on the football field, let’s say, the “first oxygen” yard mark would be, you would set up the ratio shown below and solve for X:
2,700,000,000 (Age of Oxygen Buildup) = Distance (x) from the 0 yard line = 58.7 yds (from 0 yard line)
4,600,000,000 (Age of Earth) 100 yds (Length of Football Field)
HINT: Divide 2,700,000,000 by 4,600,000,000 then multiply by 100 to solve for X.
The “build up of oxygen” location on the football field would be (X) yards away from the goal line of your choice! (The example above assumes that the 0 yard line is the present day and the 100 yd line is the beginning of earth history.)
Example
Here is a great example of this concept from the University of Saskatchewan. Your illustration will have more dates than this simplified one.
Citation: University of Saskatchewan (http://homepage.usask.ca/~mjr347/prog/geoe118/geoe118.043.html)
Resources
I don’t usually cite Wikipedia, but I found their article on the geologic timescale to be very good. They also have some illustration examples that might help you get started. Here is the citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale
Below is a very condensed table of events in our long Earth history. There is a lot more to our history that is covered in your textbook. You only have to use the events in bold on your illustration!
Event
Years before present
Present
0
Modern man
10,000
Neanderthal man
100,000
First use of fire
500,000
Homo erectus
1,300,000
Linking of North and South America
1,500,000
Oldest stone tools
1,600,000
Beginning of Quaternary period (end Tertiary/Neogene)
1,800,000
Australopithecus (early hominids)
3,000,000
Beginning of Antarctic ice caps
10,000,000
First evidence of ice at the poles
25,000,000
Collision of India with Asia
40,000,000
Start of global cooling (to present day)
40,000,000
Early horses
50,000,000
Separation of Australia and Antarctica
50,000,000
Early primates
57,000,000
Alps form
60,000,000
Beginning of Tertiary/Paleogene period (recent life)
65,000,000
Dinosaurs became extinct
65,000,000
Rocky Mountains form
80,000,000
Cretaceous Period begins (Jurassic ends)
140,000,000
Early flowering plants
150,000,000
Early birds and mammals
180,000,000
Opening of Atlantic Ocean
200,000,000
Jurassic Period begins (end Triassic)
208,000,000
First dinosaurs
215,000,000
Triassic Period begins
245,000,000
Final assembly of Pangaea
280,000,000
Early trees, formation of coal deposits
318,000,000
First reptiles
340,000,000
Beginning of Carboniferous/Mississippian period (end Devonian)
360,000,000
First insects
400,000,000
Early land plants
450,000,000
Early fish
490,000,000
Beginning of Ordovician period (end Cambrian)
510,000,000
Early shelled organisms
544,000,000
Beginning of Cambrian period (end of Precambrian time) – rise of multicellular organisms
544,000,000
Beginning of Paleozoic (ancient life) Era
544,000,000
Early multi-celled organisms
700,000,000
Breakup of early supercontinent
800,000,000
First known animals
1,200,000,000
Formation of early supercontinent (Rodinia)
1,400,000,000
Buildup of free oxygen in atmosphere
2,700,000,000
Early bacteria & algae
3,400,000,000
Oldest known Earth rocks
3,960,000,000
Formation of Earth’s atmosphere
4,200,000,000
Formation of the Moon
4,500,000,000
Precambrian time begins
4,600,000,000
Origin of earth
4,600,000,000
P(5.u)
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