Category: Case-Study

Ethical Theories and Study
Virtue Ethics – The right thing to do is to act in accordance with virtue, to do whatever a virtuous person would do. It is important to develop virtues like compassion, honesty, loyalty and patience through education, effort and copying role models. (see page 906).

These virtues are the mean (the correct, middle amount) between the extremes of excess and deficiency. For example: The virtue of compassion is the virtuous middle ground between too much compassion which would make one a sap and too little compassion which would make one cold. The virtue of courage is the mean between the extremes of being rash (too much) and being cowardly (too little). Aristotle (who originally authored this view, although your text doesn’t mention him) says that the right thing to do is to cultivate the right amount of these qualities – not too much, not too little. As your book does mention, the assumption is that virtuous people will usually do the right thing when faced with an ethical dilemma. Virtue ethics is different from the other theories that we have studied in that it focuses on whether or not the agent (person) is being ethical as opposed to whether or not the action is ethical. Aristotle is more concerned with someone’s developing a consistently virtuous character than whether or not a person does a few virtuous acts. When making an argument using this theory, you need to tell me which virtues would be relevant (see the lists on the top left of page 907 and the right of 906 for possibilities) – then you need to say what the virtuous thing would be in that case – what would it mean to act loyally in that circumstance; how about with determination, with compassion, etc.

Take a minute to think about whether or not there are virtues that you think someone in the healthcare professions is morally obliged to develop. What are they? Can someone be taught to be compassionate?
Care Ethics – The right thing to do is whatever takes into account the "complexities of the particular situation in which a moral problem has occurred. It requires a deep and detailed understanding of the people and their interests and feelings. Only then is it possible to resolve the problem in a way that is sensitive to the needs of everyone," (p.909). The right thing to do is then whatever takes these needs into account and resolves the issue in a way that respects and preserves the relationships.

It is important to understand that Gilligan doesn’t think that care ethics should always determine the outcome of a moral dilemma, but she feels that what she calls the ethic of justice is also insufficient if taken alone. Rather, we need to combine the two views; there are times where it is important to be impartial and focused on rules and justice, but there are also times when the right thing to do is to be partial and to focus on the particular relationships and circumstances involved. "One size does not fit all" in terms of moral decision making. So, when making an argument using this case, you are looking at the situation on a "case by case" basis and considering the specific viewpoints of the people directly involved (as opposed to utilitarianism, which requires you to list and weigh all of the pains and pleasures that could possibly result to anyone at all if the action is performed). The example on pages 909-910 involving the "severely impaired newborn boy" is a good description of this theory in practice.
Feminist Ethics – The right thing to do is whatever "eliminates or at least reduces the oppression of women, races, and other subordinate groups in societies throughout the world," (p.911).

Re-read the first two paragraphs under "Feminist Ethics" on page 911, and you will have a good sense of how Sherwin and others who support this theory think that it doesn’t make sense to talk about abstract, impartial principles when such extensive inequalities exist that people are prevented from accessing basic needs [notice the example about the principle of autonomy]. She would say that it doesn’t make sense to talk about someone’s right to have a choice, if the circumstances of his or her life are so bad that they prevent them from accessing that choice. That’s why she thinks equality of opportunity through the elimination of oppression has to come first. When making an argument using this theory, you need to start with the principle, see whether the action oppresses anyone or any group – if so, in what ways? If the action contributes to oppression, then it is wrong; if it helps to eliminate it, then it is right.

 

Study Guide for Midterm Exam on Ethical Theory
The exam will consist of three essay questions, each of which is worth 10 points. You will have two hours to take the exam, and your final submission should be no longer than three typed, single-spaced pages. Your exam may be shorter, and that is okay as long as you cover the material, but I don’t want you to go beyond three pages. The object of each essay is to get directly to the point(s) which address the question(s) asked. I do not want a lot of background information or a poetic introduction like you might have for a literature paper. On the other hand, you do need to include all the parts required if you are asked to make an argument using one of the eight theories we studied. Remember to start any argument that uses a theory with the principle or principles of that theory, and then show how that principle or principles applies to the situation at hand (just like assignment #3). Finally, be sure to answer each part of each question – some questions have several parts, and I assign a point value to each part when I am grading.

 

There will be no surprises on the exam. Of the 7 questions below, three will appear on the exam. You may do as much work ahead of time to prepare your answers to these questions as you like. However, you will only have two hours to take the actual exam. Also, once you start the exam you cannot stop or return to it. If you stop typing for very long, it will time you out, and then you cannot reopen it. So, be sure you are ready to take the exam (cell phone off, kids in bed, bathroom needs attended to) before you start. I also have had students who have had trouble attaching files to the exam (if they are navigating between screens, they sometimes have gotten locked out), so you will probably be better off typing your answers right into the exam text boxes. You can take the exam anytime between May 23rd and May 30th – the exam is due at noon (12:00 p.m.) on the 30th – don’t try to type beyond that time, or the computer will cut you off because it is an exam. . . so if you are someone who does things at the last minute, be sure to leave yourself enough time. If you have questions as you are studying, please feel free to contact me!!

 

1. Of the eight theories we have studied (theories presented by: Mill, Kant, Ross, Rawls, Aquinas, Aristotle, Gilligan & Sherwin), which TWO theories do you think are the best in terms of its ability to help in moral decision making when faced with ethical dilemmas in medicine? Why? Now, choose one of the two and give an example of what it would say should be done in the medical dilemma of your choosing. Be sure to explain the dilemma clearly and describe what the theory you chose would say was the right thing to do.
2. Compare and contrast the theories developed by Mill, Ross and Kant. Tell me ways in which they are similar and different, and remember that each is trying to say what it means to be moral, so the fact that they are all ethical theories doesn’t count as a similarity. Think of the principle of each and the way each one works, and that should inform your answer.
3. Read Decision Scenario #5 on page 500. Now, would the destruction of the abnormally developing fetus be right or wrong according to Mill? Why? Would it be right or wrong according to Gilligan? Why? Would it be right or wrong according to Ross? Why?

 

4. Read Decision Scenario #3 on page 771, and answer question #1 following the scenario. Now, support your view by using one of the principles of Biomedical Ethics from pages 891-904 AND one of the eight theories we’ve studied (Mill, Kant, Ross, Rawls, Aquinas, Aristotle, Gilligan or Sherwin.

 

5. Read Decision Scenario #5 on page 671. Would the kidney transplant be right or wrong according to Kant? Why? Now, would it be right or wrong according to Mill? Why? Finally, would it be right or wrong according to Aquinas? Why?

 

6. Read Decision Scenario #3 on page 725, and answer question #1 following the scenario. Now, support your view by using one of the principles of Biomedical Ethics from pages 891-904 AND one of the eight theories we’ve studied (Mill, Kant, Ross, Rawls, Aquinas, Aristotle, Gilligan or Sherwin).

 

7. Using any one of the eight theories that we have studied (Mill, Kant, Ross, Rawls, Aquinas, Aristotle, Gilligan or Sherwin), make the best argument you can to say that everyone in the United States should be given health care insurance by the government. Now, using any one of the eight theories we’ve studied, make the best argument you can to say that the government should not provide health care insurance to everyone in the United States. Finally, use one of the principles of biomedical ethics (autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, utility or distributive justice) to support YOUR view about whether or not the government should provide health insurance to everyone in the United States.

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Annotated Reference List
Read the Writing Center’s & Annotated Bibliography Resource" information (see the link in the Resources), to familiarize yourself with how to create an annotated bibliography.
Identify 8–10 sources or references to use in writing your paper. Compile your sources into an annotated bibliography and submit it to the instructor in the assignment area for review and approval.
Annotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography is a great tool to help scholarly writers move from the research to the drafting phase of a writing project, particularly when managing a large number of sources. A bibliography is an alphabetized list of sources relevant to a particular area of inquiry or research question; an annotated bibliography goes beyond merely giving the citation information for the sources to provide the reader with more information about the content of those sources. The content information is called the annotation.

Types of Annotation
Summative
Evaluative
Uses of Annotated Bibliographies
Format of Annotated Bibliographies in APA Style
Organization of Annotated Bibliography Entries
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Ethics and Boundaries in Psychiatric Nursing – A Case Study and Position Paper
Learning Activity #4 Ethics and Boundaries
In this section I will direct you to a paper (attached) which was formulated by the three nursing regulatory bodies in BC. This was in response to the Health Professions Act of B.C., which was passed in the legislature at around the same time. One clause in the Act calls for the setting up of a patient relations program to deal with increasing ?sexual abuse of patients by nurses?. The group decided to broaden its focus and discuss all forms of potential abuse. In order to raise nurses? awareness of the issues and as a first step before advising patients of what to expect and what not to accept from nurses, this discussion paper was produced and educational sessions offered.
The paper outlines some of the ethical issues in nurse-client relations and how to anticipate situations of abuse. The hope is that, together with patient awareness, abuses can be prevented. A more serious problem on the rise in BC nursing generally is that of boundary violations in the nurse-client relationship.
While this is an issue of professional behaviour and ethical conduct on the part of nurses, it is closely related to the issue of nurse-client relationships and, more so, to the mores of relationships in society generally. While society has redefined, and continues to redefine, relational constructs and stratifications, the result has been individuals entering health care professions where they become confused by their previous learning and personal values or lack thereof. This learning and these values were developed in an ?open? society which boasts no boundaries. In healthcare, these values and behaviours lead to violation of the client through the healthcare professional-client relationship. The healthcare professional abuses the power of the relationship by behaving in ways generally accepted within everyday social life, yet antithetical (directly opposite) to the goals of a professional relationship. As more young people enter healthcare professions, this problem is likely to grow, yet there is no way to avoid the obvious conclusion ? the ways of relating we have come to accept in social life are detrimental, destructive and abusive in the context of healthcare.
Nurses and psychiatric nurses in particular, need to re-examine their values, ethics and boundaries when in relationships with clients and with each other for that matter, especially if they wish to continue to claim their intention to be therapeutic and healing.
Before completing the assignment below, read the PDFs and chapters in Potter-Effron: Potter-Effron, R.T. 1998 Working Anger: preventing and resolving conflict on the job Ch. 1, pp. 5-20; Ch. 2, pp. 22-26; Ch. 3, pp. 39-69; Ch. 4, pp. 71-103 Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications  
Assignment for Learning Activity # 4 Case Study #3 ? RPN Jen is an RPN at a 20 bed psychiatric unit in the local hospital. She has worked there for the last 10 years and is considered a competent nurse by her employer. Over the last year her colleagues have expressed concerns to each other that Jen is not ?as nice as she used to be?. They tell each other that she is putting staff down, when they are not on duty. She seems to do this to most of the nursing staff on the unit. Others say that they have heard her using swear words while on duty. One day, at coffee break in the staff room, a nurse stated that she heard Jen being rough with a patient. Another nurse quipped that ?she is always rough with the patients, especially in the morning.? Staff have also expressed concerns to each other that Jen speaks to patients and family members, and even staff sometimes, in a rude and aggressive tone. In the last two weeks, Jen has become aware that the nurses are talking about her. She has reported them to the manager, who has called a meeting today to discuss staff relationships on the unit.
1. Considering this scenario from the perspective of the various parties involved, describe the ethical considerations for each and discuss how they can reach an ethical resolution of the problem.
2. In your own right as a registered psychiatric nurse provide a position statement which relates to the issues and effects of this situation for nurse-patient relationships on the unit.
N.B. You should provide support for your statements and positions making use of the ethics and nursing literature and the readings in this module. In considering your response to this case, apply it to the context of practice in British Columbia and use the criteria provided in the assignment outline.
(Marks Available – 30) Allocation of Marks: ? Accuracy of Information………… 3 ? Other Awareness …………6 ? Self Awareness …………7 ? Able to Draw Parallels to NPR …………5 ? Appropriate Use of Literature ………..6 ? Orthographics …………3 (Spelling, punctuation, grammatical construction, referencing system) Note: All directly quoted statements must be in quotation marks and acknowledged both in the text and references. Statements based on what you read, and presented in your own words, should also be acknowledged in the text and references or bibliography

After you have completed the attached readings, please review the attached original assignment that was submitted.

Please modify the original assignment according to the instructor?s comments and suggestions
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senior Capstone Project
Case Study scenario:

You are the head strength coach for a small NCAA Division II College. Use the web to view your school choices – choose an actual school. You are responsible for designing a year round weight room schedule for all sports at your college. Present this schedule along with weight room guidelines and staff schedule for Athletic Director approval. Also, develop strength training programs for 2 major men’s sports and 2 major female sports. You may only choose one gender for a particular sport for example, men’s or women’s basketball, men’s or women’s soccer, men’s or women’s volleyball, etc. Baseball and softball are considered similar in training and both cannot be used. The strength-training program must provide clear team and individual position objectives. It must include a summer program and an in season program. No additional offseason program is necessary. Remember to consider the athletes who do not have access to weight room equipment during the summer or are injured and insure modifications are present. Strength training programs must abide by the current ACSM(American College of Sports Medicine )guidelines. Each program must be able to be presented and accessible to players and coaches in a yearly spring meeting after all post conference play is complete.

 

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Case Study, Nursing

Case study 3
Project description
Janice Wu, a community health nurse, is visiting a new client in a nursing home in an inner-city area. As she enters the nursing home, she notices that several of the residents are doing calisthenics in the yard. Some of the residents are sitting on the sidelines and appear quite short of breath. When Janice checks to make sure they are all right, they tell her that they usually have a hard time breathing when they exercise on humid days like today. The residents say that they usually try to continue their exercises because it is one of the few activities that get them out of the building. They also enjoy the social aspects of the exercise sessions. Many of them state that they have always been active and want to maintain their strength and mobility as long as possible. They express fears of being bedridden and unable to care for themselves.
After Janice is sure that all of the residents will be all right, she goes on to see her client. When she enters the building, she notices that it is quite hot inside, even though all the windows and doors are open. Although it is only 10 A.M., it promises to be a humid summer day. After seeing her client, Janice talks to the director about the heat in the building. The director tells her that the building is always hot and that the air conditioning has never worked properly. The last time the service people came to fix the air-conditioning unit, they said it could not be repaired and would have to be replaced. The nursing home is run by a large national corporation, and the director says she has been told they will have to wait until the next budget year (October) before money will be available for a new air conditioner. Fortunately, the heating system is separate, so there will be heat when the colder weather starts. The director says that staff members have been particularly careful about maintaining hydration in the residents during the hot weather, but many of the residents seem fatigued and listless with the heat.
What hazards are present in the natural, built, and social environments in this situation? What health effects, if any, are these hazards causing?

What level(s) of prevention is (are) warranted in this situation? What might Janice do to intervene?
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Investigating the Intersection of Personal Biography and Social History
Project description
Write a short paper (2 -3 typed, double-spaced pages) that communicates your analysis of how society has influenced your personal life. It is important to recognize that you are not being asked to simply write a story about personal and/or family transitions and historical events that happen to coincide or overlap. Rather, your objective is to systematically discover meaningful relationships between the events listed above the line and the events listed below the line. In carrying out analysis you are engaging in the process of making meaning and producing informed knowledge claims that are warranted by the factual data that you have provided. Include with your write up a copy of the time line that you have developed.

Your completed paper should include:

Title
• Clearly communicating the central topic of the paper

Introduction
• Introduce your purpose and method
• Briefly describe the overarching knowledge claim that you will establish in your paper

Body
• Describe and discuss the intersections you have examined;
• Explain how you have arrived at your conclusions.
Conclusion
• Summarize the overall conclusions you have drawn about the relationship between personal biography and social history.

References
• All independent sources are to be appropriately referenced.

Before submitting for evaluation, ensure that the document has benefitted from a systematic editing for spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors.

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What is the difference between being a successful person and a narcissistic person?

Paper instructions:
compare and contrast essay
The prompt (question) is “What is the difference between being a successful person and a narcissistic person? ”

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Managing Conflict and Change

Discussion Question # 7
What is a key concept or foundational theory from the first four weeks of class? How does it apply to your current work environment or a recent social, political or business event you have attended or have seen in the media? What was the outcome? Do you think it could have been improved? Why or why not? If so, how?

Information:
Module 1: Forces for Change

All organizations experience both external and internal forces for change.
External forces that demand change are globalization, workforce diversity, technological change, and managing ethical behavior.
Internal pressures for change are generally recognizable: declining effectiveness, crisis, changes in employee expectations, and work climate. Adaptiveness, flexibility, and responsiveness are characteristics of the organizations that will succeed in meeting the challenges of change.
You will be able to:
· Define change relative to Edward Deming’s views
· Discuss three perspectives on change and types of change according to Linda Ackerman
· Explain the forces of change

• Module Objectives: You will be able to:
· Understand when to change, how to change, and review various reactions to change
· Review how a ‘vision’ leads to adaptation
· Understand information literacy as it relates to the student experience
· Review conflict resolution and strategies to minimize conflict in the workplace

Module Objectives: You will be Able to:

· Explain the ‘how’ of the change process

· Explain the change implementation process

· Review common pitfalls of implementation and tactical steps

· Explain the ‘how’ of the change process

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Burger King Beefs Up Global Operations

 

Prepare a paper (700 to 1,050 words) discussing the case and incorporating answers to the questions below. It is important to address each of the questions presented. The APA rules for formatting, quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and listing of sources are to be followed. The Reference List is not included in the required paper length. Your paper must contain at least five references, which may include your course textbook, internet sources, books, and professional journals or other appropriate resources. Please do not copy or plagiarize others materials. All papers are electronically scanned by TurnItIn. Significant deduction of points may result when copying and plagiarism is evident.

Read the case study ?Burger King Beefs Up Global Operations? at the end of Chapter 12 of your course textbook. Incorporate into your analysis responses to the following questions. You should make sure to incorporate core concepts from your reading assignment.

1. What is Burger King?s core competency? How does it relate to its chosen strategy?
2. How would you explain how Burger King has decided to configure and coordinate its value chain? Which of Burger King?s value chain activities create the most value for the company?
3. Burger King globally expanded later than its main fast food competitor. What advantages and disadvantages has this created?
4. When entering another country, discuss the advantages and disadvantages that an international restaurant company, specifically Burger King, would have in comparison with a local company in that market.
5. About two-thirds of Burger King?s restaurants and revenues are in its Americas region ( United States and Canada) and one-third elsewhere. Should this relationship change? If so, why and how?
6. The case mentions that Burger King prefers to enter countries with large numbers of youth and shopping centers. Why do you think these conditions would be advantageous?
7. How has Burger King?s headquarters location influenced its international expansion? Has this location strengthened or weakened its global competitive position?
8. As CEO of Burger King, what tools and strategies would you use when deciding on possible future locations for the company.
9. What do the implications of the challenges identified in the case have for Burger King?s strategy today and in the future?

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World events are reflected in dystopian literature.

Paper instructions:
In this research project i need to yall to use the followingcpieces of literature:
“WE” by Yevgeny Zamyatin,
“Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut Jr,
The Hunger Games Triology by Suzanne Collins,
“The Masque of the Red Death” by Bethany Griffin,
“The Masque of the Red Death” by Edgar Allen Poe,
and this article “Ebola-Poe: A Modern-Day Parallel of the Red Death?”
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42
Case Study, Nursing

Case study 3
Project description
Janice Wu, a community health nurse, is visiting a new client in a nursing home in an inner-city area. As she enters the nursing home, she notices that several of the residents are doing calisthenics in the yard. Some of the residents are sitting on the sidelines and appear quite short of breath. When Janice checks to make sure they are all right, they tell her that they usually have a hard time breathing when they exercise on humid days like today. The residents say that they usually try to continue their exercises because it is one of the few activities that get them out of the building. They also enjoy the social aspects of the exercise sessions. Many of them state that they have always been active and want to maintain their strength and mobility as long as possible. They express fears of being bedridden and unable to care for themselves.
After Janice is sure that all of the residents will be all right, she goes on to see her client. When she enters the building, she notices that it is quite hot inside, even though all the windows and doors are open. Although it is only 10 A.M., it promises to be a humid summer day. After seeing her client, Janice talks to the director about the heat in the building. The director tells her that the building is always hot and that the air conditioning has never worked properly. The last time the service people came to fix the air-conditioning unit, they said it could not be repaired and would have to be replaced. The nursing home is run by a large national corporation, and the director says she has been told they will have to wait until the next budget year (October) before money will be available for a new air conditioner. Fortunately, the heating system is separate, so there will be heat when the colder weather starts. The director says that staff members have been particularly careful about maintaining hydration in the residents during the hot weather, but many of the residents seem fatigued and listless with the heat.
What hazards are present in the natural, built, and social environments in this situation? What health effects, if any, are these hazards causing?

What level(s) of prevention is (are) warranted in this situation? What might Janice do to intervene?
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