Summary of the article

Summary ofthe article

What are the key points/arguments raised by the author or authors?

b. Name of article and

author(s)

c. Brief summary ofthe article

d. 5 key points ofthe article

2. Evaluation ofthe article (Minimum 2 pages)

Select at

least three key points from the article and compare them to what other reliable resources say about the topic. A list of acceptable
resources can be found at the bottom ofthis page.

Does your article agree or disagree with your other sources?

Does the article

add new information or a different perspective than your other sources? Is it valuable to your understanding ofinfants and toddlers?
How?

3. Implications for Early Childhood Educators (Approx. 1 page)

For each of yourthree key points, talk about what it means to the

way you will educate and care forvery young children. ldentify specific things that you would do in your classroom if you were working with
infants ortoddlers.

4. References

Use APA style of referencing throughout paper and References page.

Remember, you must only use

the 3 references from the list below:

o ELECT framework-Ministry of Education website

o Zerotothree website

o lnfant Mental Health Promotion

website

Lastly please label each section ofthe paper into sub headings please and thank you.

I have also attached the article which you

need to read and write the review on. Best ofluck. If you need anything let me know.

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An Occurrence at Owl Creek”

An Occurrence at Owl Creek”
Here you will be writing a response to “An Occurrence at Owl Creek” by Ambrose Bierce. This activity is designed to help you review narration and description. When reading note Bierce’s ability to both tell a story and describe its circumstances.

Read “An Occurrence at Owl Creek” by Ambrose Bierce here

Time is important in this story. Not the time in history, calendar time, watch time, or the time of day, but rather the way that people perceive time. We all know how some things can seem to last forever, like a bad cold, while other things seem to be over in a few minutes, like a great party.

In your essay, please concentrate on the role of perceived time.

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Reluctant Witch of Salem

24
Reluctant Witch of Salem

Using examples from at least three chapters of Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem to support your analysis, discuss how Tituba’s knowledge and use of different cultures helped shape the direction of the Salem witch trials.

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The case, “Blue Cloud Gets Agile,”

The case, “Blue Cloud Gets Agile,”

Write in APA format to answer the following question: How effectively did the Blue Cloud implementation process introduce performance and result at the company? Below is a recommended outline.
1. Cover Page (See APA Sample paper)
2. Introduction a. A thesis statement
b. Purpose of paper
c. Overview of paper

3. Body a. Demonstrate how the three phases of planned change theory apply at Blue Cloud. Cite source with in-text citations.
b. Define the multiple stakeholders impacted through the change implementation. Cite source within-text citations.
c. Evaluate the “Scrum”, agile method for project management and how it worked at Blue Cloud. Cite source with in-text citations.

4. Conclusion – Summary of main points a. Lessons Learned and Recommendations

5. References – List the references you cited in the text of your paper according to APA format.

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Introduction to Information Literacy and Research

Introduction to Information Literacy and Research
COMM 150 Portfolio Assignment (No. 1 of 3)
Reflective Assignment
(For distribution and completion during first five weeks)

COMM 150 Course Outcomes Assessed
• Effectively use public access catalogs, bibliographies, and full-text and bibliographic databases.
• Demonstrate an awareness of political, social, legal, economic, and intellectual property issues relevant to print and electronic resources and successfully avoid plagiarism and copyright infringement.
• Investigate personal and professional interests, strengths, and skills.
• Perform research on career development and lifelong learning opportunities.
• Employ information literacy skills through the effective use of technology and information resources to accomplish a goal.

Assignment 1: Reflective Assignment is worth 5% of your total grade for the course.

Purpose of Assessment
Bryant & Stratton College is committed to your personal, academic and career success. Introduction to Information Literacy and Research (COMM 150) is a liberal arts course in the College Core for the Careers. These courses are specifically designed to support personal and professional development to achieve your career and lifelong learning goals upon graduation from the College. COMM 150 is the study of the evolution of information and the impact of technology on research and how to access, evaluate, and synthesize acquired research. Information literacy skills are essential skills for the workplace and personal and professional growth.

In selected courses you will build or revise a portfolio. The portfolio is intended to be a place where you collect your work and achievement, and to showcase your intellectual growth while in college. By the time you complete your program of study, included in your portfolio will be a narrative, a professional marketing plan, a career map, job-seeking documents (resume, cover letter, references), evidence of program specific knowledge and learning, and life-long learning competence. Once completed and graded a clean copy of these documents will be uploaded to Optimal Resume for future use. Building the portfolio throughout your academic career will allow you to set goals, establish a plan for growth, and stay on course for graduation and lifelong learning achievements. The portfolio you begin to create in the COMM 150 course will be revised throughout the educational experience.

There are three portfolio assignments in COMM 150: Reflective Assignment, Professional Plan, and Process Analysis Assignment. After successful completion of these assignments you will have initial evidence for your portfolio of your information literacy skills. As you progress through your program of study you will produce more advanced evidence of your information literacy skills. During job interviews you will want to highlight how you used research throughout your program of study to support your ideas and thoughts.

The first COMM 150 portfolio assignment is the Reflective Assignment described below. After reviewing the requirements for this assignment, think about the question or questions you will have to answer to complete the assignment successfully. As you approach working through the assignment, formulating questions will allow you to clarify the assignment and move forward with greater confidence.

Assignment Requirements
1. When completing this assignment you need to go to read an article that I have enclosed separately to support your claims. The question below that I have briefly answered highlighted in yellow to give you a glimpse of my thinking and where I am coming from. You will still have to continue on it and elaborate some more.
2. Each question must be answered 5-8 sentences in length no more or no less.
3. 2-4 pages, double space. From the 2-4 pages: There must be a cover page as well along with personal reflective essay paper. (Pleased note: cover page is completely separate from personal reflective essay). Therefore it must be written on separate blank page. However both are similar in terms of being a career personal writing. The cover page will be a ½ page out of 2-4 pages requirements and the rest of the remaining paper will be dedicated to personal reflected personal essay. The remaining left over to be used for the reflected personal essay used to answer the following question below.
4. Both the concept in personal reflected essay and cover letter is the same concept (Please keep in mined). Hence personal reflected essay and cover letter must have: Double Space, Times-New Roman, 12pt fonts, 1 inch margins- top, bottom, left, and right. (The covered page must be a focused, cleared and well written develop college level paper). However both cover page+ personal reflected essay is to be same concept.

You will summarize the article.
Provide introduction.
Answered all of the questions on this page. However make question 3e which is last question to be your conclusion.

My background information: I want to become a medical assistant.

The personal reflected essay + cover page must have a cleared focused and direct introduction. Hence in your writing throughout the paper you may write it in terms of metaphor but you have to make your point cleared that links to your central points which is the thesis. (The paper is to be written in college level writing) – with no forms of mechanical errors etc grammars. This paper must be cleared, focused well developed paper with vivid details.

5. Make the last question, which is question “e” to be your conclusion.
*Also while writing the cover page + personal reflected essay: Be sure to keep in mined of the grammars / Mechanics/ Language rubric – to make sure you exceeded the requirements. I these writing of cover letter + personal reflective essay career paper to be written above level four requirements.

Macpherson, R. (2006). The Top 5 Qualities you need to advance your career. Quill, 94(2), 26-27. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

4. Use the learnings from the article above, class discussions, and life experiences to help support your answers to the questions below.
5. Compose a reflective narrative that answers these essential questions:
a. What are the competencies, skills, and habits of mind necessary for success in college, a career, and in life? I believe my competencies skills are patient, leadership, teamwork, and commitment also my habits are teamwork. Being able to think as a whole instead of one mind. Being able to lead but not in control.
b. Of the competencies, skills, and habits of mind, which skills do you feel are your strengths and which ones are challenges that need to be further developed?
I feel my strength is to be patient because I am able to relate to people under any circumstances.
c. What do you think are the competencies, skills, and habits of mind that are necessary for success in your future career choice?
I think the competencies skills / or habits needed to advance to my career goal is interpersonal because it is a trait that peoples needs the most in today workforce like health-care.
d. Taking into consideration your competencies, skills, and habits of mind, and those required for your future career choice, how well prepared are you at this moment to enter your chosen profession?
I think that speaking theoretically in terms of prepared, I believe that I am in the skills area of my personal character qualities that I already have.
e. As a final note following your reflective narrative think about and address these questions:
a) Did you find your approach to the assignment effective?
b) Is there anything that you might do differently if you were to be assigned a similar assignment later in the semester?

Though this is a more formal approach for instructor feedback speak to me regarding any assignment any time before it is due.
Note: Your assignment should be typed and double-spaced.

Liberal Arts
Rubric for COMM 150 Portfolio Assignment 1
Reflective Assignment Paper
Content Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1
4 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.4 0
The narrative provides thorough details of interests, strengths and skills related to personal, academic and career development; it thoroughly explains how existing knowledge of strengths and skills will be developed to ensure personal, academic and career success; and consistently and appropriately uses supporting details from the article. The paper uses the article in a way that evidences thorough understanding of legal and ethical implications The narrative provides a somewhat thorough description of interests, strengths and skills related to personal, academic and career development; it somewhat explains how existing knowledge of strengths and skills will be developed to ensure personal, academic and career success; and appropriately uses supporting details from the article. The paper uses the article in a way that evidences understanding of legal and ethical implications The narrative provides a basic description of skills related to personal, academic and career development; it basically explains how existing knowledge of strengths and skills will be developed to ensure personal, academic and career success; and sporadically uses supporting details from the article. The paper uses the article in a way that partially evidences understanding of legal and ethical implications The narrative lists and describes personal interests, strengths and skills yet does not extend those interest descriptions to the pursuit of academic and career goals. There is little or no evidence of supporting details from the article. The paper uses the article in a way that evidences little or no understanding of legal and ethical implications.
Points Given
Weight X 18
Final Score__________ Comments:

Paragraph Structure Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1
4 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.4 0.0
The paper is fluent and understandable. The pattern of organization is appropriate to the assignment. The introduction effectively establishes the thesis; the paragraphs that follow are controlled by topic sentences and contain well-integrated supporting details with effective transitions to enhance the complete and logical development of the thesis; and the conclusion, rather than simply restating the introduction, addresses the significance of the topic. The paper has a clearly recognizable introduction, body, and conclusion and uses a pattern of organization appropriate to the assignment. The reader is aided in understanding by the logical placement of the thesis, the presence of a clear topic sentence in all/most paragraphs, effective paragraph divisions, transitions between supporting details, and the final “wrap up” in the conclusion (though this may be no more than a restatement of the introduction). The paper, though it has an introduction, body, and conclusion and so is basically “correct” in its structure, is in need of a clear organizational pattern. The reader’s clear understanding would be aided by more logically developed paragraphs: topic sentences and/or transitions need to be improved and/or added. Both the introduction and the conclusion should be more effectively structured. The paper would be improved by a combination of the following: a clear pattern of organization, an introduction and conclusion, appropriate paragraph divisions, topic sentences, supporting details arranged for a logical sequence of ideas, and transitions to draw connections between ideas.
Points Given:

Weight: X4

Final score:

Comments:

Grammar/Mechanics/Language Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1
4 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.4 0.0
The assignment is well written according to the rules of Standard English and effectively communicates the writer’s purpose. Is error free in terms of spelling and punctuation? Grammar as expressed through subject/pronoun/verb agreement is error free. Excellence is demonstrated in sentence construction and use of transitional sentences to connect paragraphs and create meaning.
The assignment is generally well written according to the rules of Standard English and communicates the writer’s purpose. There are a few errors (1 per page) but the errors do not significantly detract from the reader’s understanding of the writer’s intention. There are a few errors (1 per page) in spelling and punctuation. There are a few errors (1 per page) in grammar as expressed through subject/pronoun/verb agreement. There is evidence of appropriate sentence construction and transitional sentences to connect paragraphs and create meaning. The assignment generally conforms to the assignment requirements and the writer’s purpose is evident, although more development according to the rules of Standard English is required in order to effectively communicate the writer’s purpose. There are many errors (> 2 per page) in spelling and punctuation. There are many (>2 per page) errors in grammar as expressed through subject/pronoun/verb agreement. There are many errors (> 2 per page) in sentence construction. Transitional sentences to connect paragraphs and create meaning are generally absent. Overall, many errors (>2 per page) in the writings interfere with the reader’s understanding. The assignment barely meets the minimum acceptable standards according to the rules of Standard English in order to effectively communicate the writer’s purpose. Frequent errors more than (>3 per page) in spelling and punctuation, frequent errors more than (> 3 per page) in grammar as expressed through subject/pronoun/verb agreement are evident. Sentence construction is minimally acceptable due to frequent appearance greater than (> 3 per page) of sentence fragments. Transitional sentences to connect paragraphs and create meaning are absent. Frequent errors greater than (> 3 per page) interfere with the reader’s understanding.
Points Given:
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17

RISK ASSESSMENT

Order Description
Objectives
• To gain understanding of what is involved in writing a Briefing Note;
• To gain understanding of what is needed to produce a Risk Assessment;
• To acquire experience in undertaking production of a Briefing Note and Risk Assessment on a weed species.

The task
You are required to undertake a risk assessment on a plant pest. You will report the results in a ‘Briefing Note’ (Part 1 of the assignment) with supporting documentation, e.g. risk assessment table (Part 2 of the assignment). The guidelines for completing the assignment and a briefing note template are provided below. I have also provided an example briefing note and risk assessment as separate documents.

Scenario
You are a Biosecurity Officer with the Victorian Department of Primary Industries. You have just been informed about the sighting of Limonium ramossisimum (Poir.) Maire in a Victorian saltmarsh. A collection was made and identification verified. Local authorities were notified and an investigation of nearby saltmarshes undertaken. Several more plants of L. ramossisimum were found in some of these saltmarshes.

You have been asked to provide a preliminary written briefing on the template provided (below) to the Ministers for Environment and Primary Industries as to the degree of risk associated with ramossisimum. Specifically, you have been asked to provide comments on:
• The potential safety risk to humans;
• The extent this weed may impact on structure and composition of saltmarsh vegetation;
• The possible impacts and level of severity on fauna;
• The pest potential of this species.
• The probability the species can be eradicated should a population become established.

You should attach supporting documentation to your briefing note if necessary.

You MUST provide:
• References you have based your assessment on. Use the Oxford system to reference each statement in the briefing note
• A risk assessment as per the provided worksheets. Indicate when there is not sufficient information to complete any portion. Note: this is Part 2 of the assignment and due at a later date. I have included mention of it here as it normally would accompany the briefing note.

Guidelines for completing the assignment

Part 1: Briefing Note (20%)
Completion of the Briefing Note will require considerable effort put into a literature search. So, be wise and start early. Please note, you will not find the information on Limonium ramossisimum to directly answer ALL questions for the briefing note but, in these instances, you can discuss what is most likely to occur based on what is known to happen with similar species. The information on L. ramossisimum is scattered amongst the literature, a lot of which is grey literature, so you will need to do an extensive literature search using a variety of search terms. If you are having problems finding the appropriate literature, contact a librarian for a lesson on how to fine tune your search procedures. If you still have problems after having tried this, please see me, but I will want to see you have given it a good attempt.

Briefing Note Template
MINUTE forming ENCLOSURE TO REF 99/9999

TO:
MINISTERS FOR ENVIRONMENT AND PRIMARY INDUSTRIES
RE:
RISKS POSED BY Algerian SEA LAVENDER (L. ramossisimum)
THROUGH:
DIRECTOR, LAND MANAGEMENT
Purpose
Background

Discussion

Recommendations
BIOSECURITY OFFICER
EXOTIC PEST SPECIES SECTION, VICTORIAN DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

Date:xx/xx/2013
REFERENCES
example

MINUTE forming ENCLOSURE TO REF 99/9999
TO: RE:
THROUGH:
Purpose
MINISTERS FOR ENVIRONMENT AND PRIMARY INDUSTRIES RISKS POSED BY SICILIAN MARSH WEED (ARCTOSENNA
PEDIASTRUM)
DIRECTOR, LAND MANAGEMENT
? To inform you of the degree of risk associated with Sicilian Marsh Weed Arctosenna pediastrum (Brullo) in saltmarshes near Warrnambool, Victoria and to provide relevant recommendations.
? To provide specific comments on the possible effects on human health, the extent to which the species may impact on structure and composition of saltmarsh vegetation, the possible impacts and level of severity on fauna, and the pest potential of the species and probability that it can be eradicated should a population become established.
Background
? Arctosenna pediastrum was recently sighted in a saltmarsh near Warrnambool in Victoria and identification has been verified. A subsequent investigation of saltmarshes in the vicinity discovered additional populations of A. pediastrum.
? A preliminary risk assessment was conducted to identify risks associated with the species.
Discussion
? A risk assessment was undertaken, with the results indicating that A. pediastrum is highly likely to become an invasive weed in Victoria.
? The species is unlikely to have detrimental effects on human health – A. pediastrum (along
with other closely related species) has been cultivated for at least 60 years, and there is no
evidence of any of these species being injurious to humans.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The degree of potential
risk to human health is likely to be minimal as there is no known report of associated hazards
or significant allergies.5, 6. Also, hand-pulling is recommended to control A. pediastrum and
other weedy congenerics, indicating that physical contact with these plants is not hazardous.7, 8, 9, 10.
? A. pediastrum and other similar species (e.g. A. ramosissimum, A. vulgare) are highly competitive, growing in clumps which spread out to form dense mats.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.
? Saltmarsh may be completely covered as the Limonium population becomes denser, forming a near-monoculture, crowding out or preventing existing indigenous flora from establishing, and directly replacing less competitive indigenous plants.6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
? As with other very similar congenerics, it is likely A. pediastrum can actively lower soil salinity
by absorbing and excreting salt via glands in the leaves.8, 13, 14, 15. This change in
biogeochemistry can lead to a decrease in the indigenous species originally present and
potentially facilitate less salt-tolerant species, thus changing the local species composition.8, 13, 14, 16.
? This may lead to species displacement, biodiversity loss, localized extinctions of indigenous flora (particularly already rare species), changes in vegetation structure and composition and alteration of ecosystem funtions.6, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17.
? Significant negative impacts on Victoria’s coastal vegetation and structurally complex saltmarshes are thus likely, especially in the very sensitive uppermost saltmarsh zones.18, 19.
? There is a high probability that A. pediastrum will have significant detrimental impacts on indigenous fauna (particularly already threatened species), due to the above points and following points:12, 13, 16, 17, 18. – Changes in vegetation structure and composition will decrease habitat heterogeneity, and
alter the area’s ecosystem services and the resources available to fauna for feeding,
2
nesting, and refugia.12, 13, 16, 17, 18. This is likely to decrease faunal diversity and result in the
migration or death of fauna species, leading to local extinctions.16. – The leaves, seeds, or pollen of A. pediastrum may provide a food source for birds and
insects (especially flies, bees, ants and moths), with unpredictable impacts.3, 5, 6, 15, 23. – It may also be grazed by other animals (again with unpredictable impacts, depending on
comparative nutritional composition), including possibly by pests (e.g. rabbits).6, 20, 21, 22, 24. – Additionally, A. pediastrum may encourage or provide short-term cover to pest animals,
which would place further pressure on indigenous fauna.6.
? The pest potential is high if a population has become established due to the species’ impacts on flora and fauna, and its many attributes that are characteristic of a successful invader, as
follows:6, 10, 16, 25, 26.
– Naturalised populations have already been established elsewhere, including here.1, 2, 9.
– Various congenerics are considered weeds throughout the world, including in Australia.4.
– Good match in climate and environmental conditions between Victoria and native range.1, 2, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32.
– Adaptable, with broad ecological tolerances (able to survive maritime exposure, infertile and saline soils, and extended dry periods).2, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34.
– Rapid growth and short reproductive cycle; flowers throughout the year.1, 9, 24. – Multiple pollination methods likely – insects, wind, possibly self-pollination.5, 15, 18. – Very fecund with high seed capacity – likely to produce thousands of small, buoyant seeds
that are capable of long-distance dispersal in seawater).10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 33, 35. – Multiple effective dispersal methods and presence of dispersal agents – wind, water (seeds
dispersed large distances by tidal currents), possibly birds.3, 15, 33, 35, 36. – Likely to be capable of vegetative reproduction via root fragmentation.5, 15.
? There is a medium probability that the species can be eradicated if a population has become established, due to the above points and the following points: – Small populations with limited establishment can be easily eradicated (relatively
inexpensively) by manual removal and appropriate disposal.7, 17, 19, 20. – However, the entire root system must be removed for successful eradication.7. – Chemical control methods (herbicide application) have limited effectiveness, possibly due to
the leathery leaves and lack of stomata on the upperside of A. pediastrum’s leaves.1, 7, 17, 20. – To be successful, early detection and eradication efforts, while the population remains small
and easy to control, are critical.7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19. – Long-term control of established populations is expensive and more difficult, with
detrimental effects on local biodiversity more likely to occur.17.
Recommendations
? (1) Immediate establishment of a research program to improve knowledge of potential impacts on indigenous fauna and vegetation communities. International and inter-state communication (e.g. with Italy and South Australia) would be beneficial in collating further information about the species’ ecology and effective strategies for management.
? (2) Coordinated broad-scale detection efforts across Victorian coastal environments (e.g. saltmarsh vegetation and other susceptible communities) to determine if additional populations of A. pediastrum exist and the species’ abundance.12, 13, 16, 17, 19.
? (3) Implementation of an intensive control/eradication program based on ‘best practice’ guidelines and current information, with the aim of eradicating known populations, minimizing spread, and preventing the establishment of additional populations. To be updated regularly as new information becomes available to allow adaptive management.7, 10, 12, 13, 17, 19.
? (4) Provision of factual information to local communities regarding the high risk of A. pediastrum establishing and its pest potential, and call for information regarding the existence and location of other occurrences of the species.7, 12, 13, 17, 19.
BIOSECURITY OFFICER EXOTIC PEST SPECIES SECTION, VICTORIAN DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES
Date: 21/4/2012 REFERENCES: note: I have not included these.

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TEST FOR DEPENDENT

TEST FOR DEPENDENT

GROUPS
EXERCISE
31 t-TEST FOR DEPENDENT
GROUPS
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE IN REVIEW

The t-test for dependent groups is a parametric analysis technique used to determine statistical
differences between two related samples or groups. Groups are dependent or related because they
were matched as part of the design to ensure similarities between the two groups and thus reduce
the effect of extraneous variables. For example, two groups might be matched on gender so an
equal number of males and females are in each group, thus reducing the extraneous effect of gender on the study results. The researcher’s decision to match groups is determined by the study being conducted and is detailed in the study design. In previous research, groups have most commonly been matched for age, gender, ethnicity, diagnoses, and status of illness. Matching the groups strengthens the study design by reducing the effect of extraneous variables controlled by matching. Groups are also dependent when scores used in the analysis are obtained from the same subjects under different conditions, such as pretest and posttest study design. In this type of design, a single group of subjects is exposed to pretest, treatment, and posttest. Subjects are referred to as serving as their own control during the pretest that is then compared with the posttest scores following the treatment. This is a weak quasi-experimental design since it is difficult to determine the effects of a treatment without comparison to a separate control group. The assumptions for the t-test for dependent groups are:
1.
The distribution of scores is normal or approximately normally distributed.
2. The dependent variable(s) is (are) measured at interval or ratio levels.
3.
The groups examined for differences are dependent based on matching or subjects serving as
their own control.
4. The differences between the paired scores are independent (Burns & Grove, 2005).
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Source: Kim, C., Junes, K., & Song, R. (2003). Effects of a health-promotion program on cardiovascular
risk factors, health behaviors, and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly women. International
Journal of Nursing Studies, 40(4), 375–81.

Introduction
Kim, Junes, and Song (2003) conducted a quasi-experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest
design. “A convenient sample of 21 elderly women was recruited from a home for elderly people.” (Kim et al., 2000, p. 376). The purpose of the study was to determine the health benefits of a 3-month health-promotion program for institutionalized elderly women on cardiovascular risk factors,
health behaviors, and life satisfaction. These researchers found the following positive effects from the
program: reductions in total risk score, improved health behaviors, and improved life satisfaction.
However, Kim et al. (2003) noted a decrease in these positive effects 3 months after the completion
of the health-promotion program.

Relevant Study Results
A total of 25 women were enrolled in the health-promotion program and 21 subjects completed the
program with three sets of outcome assessments at pretest, 3 months, and 6 months. The mean age
of the subjects was 77 years, and 90% of them had been diagnosed with one or more chronic
diseases. The significance level of the study was set at a= 0.05. The results from the study are
presented in the two tables that follow. Table 2 describes the health-promotion program’s effects
on cardiovascular risk factors, and Table 3 describes the effects on health behaviors. The third
dependent variable of this study was life satisfaction, which was significantly improved from
pretest to the end of the health-promotion program at 3 months and at 6 months follow-up.
TABLE 2 ¦ Program Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
PRETEST 3 MONTHS 6 MONTHS
Variable M (SD) M (SD) Paired t a M (SD) Paired t b
Total risk score 20.1 (4.5) 16.8 (3.2) 4.14* 18.1 (4.0) 2.56*
Cholesterol 200.2 (29.1) 189.6 (25.3) 2.03* 192.7 (22.1) 1.73
Triglyceride 164.2 (42.0) 150.4 (44.1) 2.58* 142.9 (53.5) 2.20*
BMI 22.7 (3.0) 22.1 (3.0) 3.44* 22.9 (3.0) -0.80
Systolic BP 121.7 (14.6) 117.2 (12.3) 1.57 115.6 (13.4) 1.66
BMI (body mass index), BP (blood pressure)
*p < 0.05.
a Paired t-test results between the pretest and 3-month measures.
b Paired t-test results between the pretest and 6-month measures.
Kim, C., Junes, K., & Song, R. (2003). Effects of a health-promotion program on cardiovascular risk factors, health behaviors, and life satisfaction in
institutionalized elderly women. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40(4), p. 378.
TABLE 3 ¦ Program Effects on Health Behavior
PRETEST 3 MONTHS 6 MONTHS
Variable M (SD) M (SD) Paired t a M (SD) Paired t b
Total health behavior 66.3 (8.1) 69.7 (5.0) -3.02* 68.1 (5.1) -1.34
Health responsibility 2.19 (0.5) 2.13 (0.3) 1.03 2.29 (0.3) -1.39
Exercise 1.88 (0.3) 2.58 (0.3) -7.75* 2.29 (0.4) -3.93*
Diet behavior 3.41 (0.3) 3.47 (0.2) -0.93 3.26 (0.3) 2.00
Stress management 2.39 (0.4) 2.44 (0.3) -0.65 2.45 (0.3) -0.70
Smoking behavior 2.85 (0.8) 2.92 (0.8) -1.45 3.01 (0.7) -0.96
*p < 0.05.
a Paired t-test results between the pretest and 3-month measures.
b Paired t-test results between the pretest and 6-month measures.
Kim, C., Junes, K., & Song, R. (2003). Effects of a health-promotion program on cardiovascular risk factors, health behaviors, and life satisfaction in
institutionalized elderly women. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40(4), p. 379.

STUDY QUESTIONS
1.
What clues do you have that this study had “dependent groups?”
2.
Which t ratio or value in Table 3 is the greatest for the 6-month follow-up? Which variable is being
examined for differences between the pretest and 6-month follow-up by this t ratio?
3.
Which t ratio or value listed in Table 2 is the smallest in determining the difference between the pretest and
6-month follow-up? This t ratio was calculated to determine the change in which variable from pretest to 6
months after the intervention?
4.
t = –0.93 is the result for what variable in this study? Is this t ratio significant? Provide a rationale for your
answer.
5.
Compare the pretest to 3 months and 6 months t ratios for BMI from Table 2. What is your conclusion
regarding the effects of the health-promotion intervention on the BMI long term?
6.
The t-test for dependent groups is conducted in research for what purpose?
7.
What is the smallest, significant t ratio listed in Table 3? Provide a rationale for your answer.
8. Why do you think that the smaller t ratios are not statistically significant?
9. How would you describe the result t = –1.45 in this study?

ANSWERS TO STUDY QUESTIONS
1.
This study was conducted using a one group pretest-posttest design in which the subjects serve as their own
control. The subjects’ outcomes at 3 and 6 months were compared with their pretest values. The single
sample pretest-posttest design indicates that the groups were dependent or related. In Tables 2 and 3 the
t-tests are identified as paired t-tests, which are conducted on dependent groups.
2. t = –3.93 (Exercise) is the largest t ratio at 6 months, as listed in Table 3.
3. t = –0.80 (BMI) represents the smallest t-ratio at 6 months, as listed in Table 2.
4.
t = –0.93 indicates the difference in Diet behavior from pretest to 3 months. This t-ratio does not have an
asterisk (*) next to it in Table 3; therefore, it is not statistically significant. The asterisk directs the reader to
the footnotes at the bottom of the table where the asterisk is said to represent p < 0.05, the least stringent
acceptable value for statistical significance.
5.
t = 3.44* (3 months) and t = –0.80 (6 months). At 3 months, the difference in BMI (body mass index) from
pretest was statistically significant with t = 3.44*, p < 0.05. At 6 months, the difference in BMI from pretest
was no longer statistically significant with t = –0.80. These results indicate that although initially the BMI
decreased significantly from the pretest (mean = 22.7) to 3 months (mean = 22.1), the BMI actually increased
at 6 months (mean = 22.9). Thus, the health-promotion intervention did not have a positive long-term
effect on the subject’s BMI, since the subjects demonstrated an increase in BMI versus a decrease.
6.
The t-test for dependent groups is conducted to determine statistical differences between two related or
dependent groups. The t-test can be used to determine differences between two dependent groups following
a treatment and also for comparing and contrasting two groups for a selected variable. Paired t-test is
another name for the t-test for dependent groups.
7.
t = –3.02*, p< 0.05 is the smallest significant t ratio listed in Table 3. The –3.02 is the smallest t ratio with
an *, indicating that Total health behavior was statistically significant from pretest to 3 months in this
study at p < 0.05.
8.
The small t ratios indicate small relative differences between the two groups that are usually not statistically
significantly different, especially in small sample studies. The larger the calculated t ratios, the smaller the
observed p values and the more likely one will reject the null hypothesis, since the groups are significantly
different.
9.
The result t = –1.45 indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in Smoking behavior
from pretest to 3 months in this sample. Thus, the null hypothesis would be accepted, which states the health-
promotion intervention did not have an effect on Smoking behavior.

EXERCISE 31 Questions to be Graded
Name: ___________________________________________________ Class: ______________________
Date: ______________________________________________________________________________
QUES 1.
What are the two groups whose results are reflected by the t ratios in Tables 2 and 3?

QUES 2.
Which t ratio in Table 2 represents the greatest relative or standardized difference between the pretest and 3 months outcomes?
Is this t ratio statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer.
QUES 3.
Which t ratio listed in Table 3 represents the smallest relative difference between the pretest and 3 months?
Is this t ratio statistically significant? What does this result mean?
QUES 4.
What are the assumptions for conducting a t-test for dependent groups in a study? Which of these assumptions
do you think were met by this study?
QUES 5.
Compare the 3 months and 6 months t ratios for the variable Exercise from Table 3. What is your
conclusion about the long-term effect of the health-promotion intervention on Exercise in this study?
QUES 6. What is the smallest, significant t ratio listed in Table 2? Provide a rationale for your answer.
QUES 7.
Why are the larger t ratios more likely to be statistically significant?
QUES 8.
Did the health-promotion program have a statistically significant effect on Systolic blood pressure (BP) in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
QUES 9.
Examine the means and standard deviations for Systolic BP at pretest, 3 months (completion of the
treatment), and 6 months. What do these results indicate? Are these results clinically important? Provide
a rationale for your answer.
QUES 10. Is this study design strong or weak? Provide a rationale for your answer.

BONUS QUESTION
Would you, as a health care provider, implement this intervention at your facility based on the
Total Risk Score results? Provide a rationale for your answer.

PS: PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THIS SHEET ONLY. THANKS!!!
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What went wrong in Cancer Signalling? A Focus on Tyrosine Kinase Signalling Pathway.

What went wrong in Cancer Signalling? A Focus on Tyrosine Kinase Signalling Pathway.
What went wrong in Cancer Signalling? A Focus on Tyrosine Kinase Signalling Pathway.

1. First, write out a layout of this particular topic. Write OUT an ENTIRE list of subtopics covered in this specific topic above. In MS WORD.

a) Bear in mind these criterias when writing the layout:
MUST cover the BIOCHEMISTRY aspect of the topic and can include some minor portion of information derived from PHYSIOLOGY, BIOLOGY and PHARMACOLOGY. Should cover some **current researches regarding on the topic discussed.

b) Arrange the layout (SUBTOPICS) in a neat manner. In Numbering form. 1..2..3..4..

2. This POWERPOINT will cover SOME but NOT all the subtopics listed by you in Number 1.

a) For example, Eg: Slide 1 to 4 cover FIRST 4 subtopics of the total of 10 subtopics covered in this particular topic.

b) Basically this Powerpoint project is only HALF complete. (It is a group Project)

c) Mention which subtopic this Powerpoint project will cover.

3. Criterias of Powerpoint slides:

a) Must be very creative (unique and relevant templates)
b) More pictures, less words – point forms
c) Must in include Front Cover Slide
d) Give a suitable *title for the Front Cover Slide
e) Front Cover Slide must be the most creative of them all
f) The rest of the slides cover the *SUBTOPICS chosen (See Number 2 instructions)
g) Slides in short point forms with lots of pictures
5. Speech for the slides
a) Write **complete *speech script for the slides under FOOTNOTES.
b) ALL the slides must have their corresponding speech (what to say during presentation) under Footnotes.

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MUN Research Paper

MUN Research Paper

Country: Austria
Committee: DISEC (GA-1)
Topic: Illegal small arms trade

This is a research paper . First discuss about the issue. Then how you country is affected by the issue.Then what your country is doing to solve the issue or what will be done.Then how UN as a whole can do to help. Usually you can ask UN to provide aids or vice versa.
Research on gun control policy or smuggling fire arms across boarder
ou can’t use personal statements and stuff. Everything has to be from a neutral, detailed point of view of your country. You position paper has to be written – its basically your stance on the question/or debate or whatever the topic of discussion is. Also, finding out like countries that have similar outlooks as you do. you should research GA since it is a big comittee
prepare a speech that is not general but specializes in one subtopic out of the big picture
and keep pursuing that throughout the committee
Austria is a european country
so contact other EU member states and form a group
This is a bit lengthy, but I think it has good details on all the areas: http://www.nmun.org/ny13_downloads/Delegate%20Prep%20Guide%202013.pdf
Austria’s policies about arms trade, and then specifically about small arms trade. Figuring out how much illegal trade is going on is crucial; if they have policies against it then obviously you’ll have to talk about what it needs to be like fixed. But, I wouldn’t completely trust me on this.
Possibly starting from here: http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/foreign-ministry/foreign-policy/disarmament/conventional-weapons/small-arms-and-light-weapons.html
This is more of a blog-ish thing: http://teenink.com/opinion/current_events_politics/article/352455/Small-Arms-and-Light-Weapons-Control-Austrias-Perspective/
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Knorpp vs. Hale

Knorpp vs. Hale

Due Week 8 and 120 points
Invitee or Licensee?: Based upon the discussion in Knorpp vs. Hale:

Should a person who tours a private home as a participant in a garden club tour of homes, and who pays $25 to the garden club but nothing to the homeowner, be characterized as an invitee or a licensee?
Write a 1-2 page paper in which you determine whether or not this person is an invitee or licensee and defend our response.
Your assignment must:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the tile of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Given an information requirement related to tort law, individually or as a group, determine the nature and extent of information needed to effectively address the topic; efficiently locate, determine the validity, and critically evaluate the resources; and apply the information to accomplish the specific purpose (report, case analysis, factual requirement, problem solving, and planning).
Use technology and information resources to research issues related to law and the legal system;
Write clearly and concisely about issues in law and the legal system using proper writing mechanics.

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Theory Reflection Essay

Theory Reflection Essay

Write a theory reflection essay on Ralf Dahrendorf
refer to Chapter 4 of &quot;Contemporary Social Theory and Its Classical Roots&quot; The Basics&quot; third edition George Ritzer
An introduction: Briefly outline what the essay will discuss, including the choice of theory/theorist and explaining why this one was chosen 2 points 2) A brief description of the historical, economic, political and social/cultural circumstances of the time during which the theory was developed 1 point: economy of the time 1 point: political situation of the time 1 point: cultural/social climate of the time, e.g. any major world or national events, any prominent social movements active 1 point: identification of location in the world 4 points total 3) A description of the theory in your own words, including any key terms or concepts and associated definitions; 5 points: correct explanation of the theory, demonstrating comprehension of the ideas found in the theory, describing key ideas 3 points: identification and explanation of key concepts &amp; other relevant terms 8 points total 4) A brief description of a life event or circumstances that you will use to explore the applicability of the theory to real life circumstances, in this case your life and the society in which you have been raised; 2 points 5) Application of the theory to your life circumstance as noted in 4). Note merits and detriments. 3 points: application is demonstrating comprehension of the theory, not necessarily a complete comprehension or complete application, sufficient to demonstrate some understanding 3 points: identification one merit and one detriment 6 points total 6) Conclusion: Final commentary of overall applicability of the theory to your life circumstances 2 points 7) Bibliography 1 point 25 points total
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