The Modern World

The Modern World

Order Instructions:
What elements in the life and work of Simone Weil, Martin Luther King, Mother Teresa, and some of the characters portrayed in the movies Dr. Ambrosio mentions speak to you most effectively about the qualities of the secular saint?
How does Simone Weil’s view of justice demonstrate a rooting in Greek philosophy? Can you find a similar rootedness in the articulations of the idea of justice in the lives and work of Martin Luther King and Mother Teresa?

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A MODERN HISTORY OF ADAM’S BRIDGE BASED ON 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY MUSLIM, CHRISTIAN AND SRI LANKAN SINHALA BUDDHIST SOURCES

A MODERN HISTORY OF ADAM’S BRIDGE BASED ON 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY MUSLIM, CHRISTIAN AND SRI LANKAN SINHALA BUDDHIST SOURCES

Order Description

SOME GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE ISSUE:

Attention needs to be focused in on a specific set of issues to do with the contest over Rama Setu or Adam’s Bridge in relation to religion, empire and culture of predominantly Buddhist Sri Lanka. The topic is narrowed down to the 19th and 20th centuries to make it manageable. Please include the history of Adam’s Bridge in Chapter 1, with emphasis on Indian and Mahayana Buddhist (Lankavatara-sutra) acceptance of the phenomenon. Chapter two must be for the European/Muslim/Christian accounts and histories of Adam’s Bridge. Chapter 3 must be for Why and How Buddhist Sri Lanka has given no place to this literally existence geographical phenomenon. The obvious reason is that Sinhalese Buddhists have always wanted to imagine that the phenomenon never exists. How they tactfully promoted Adam’s Peak but ignored Adam’s Bridge, so that the sacred geography of the island of Sri Lanka would never be adulterated by the land connection to the island. Chapter 3 must include the way Ravana is hero to Sinhalese Buddhists, and that Buddha asked Vishnu to be the guardian of Lanka, and that Ravana is a disciple of Vishnu and/or Buddha

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Against Colonization

Colonialism is a term coined in the 20th Century to define the phenomenon of three distinct processes of exploration/colonization, revolution and imperialism. It is not a recent doctrine as its roots can be traced back to ancient Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans. However modern colonialism can be traced to European desire to conquer the world and expand their empires and obtain raw materials to meet the industrial revolution as well as find new markets for the finished goods that the revolution was churning. Thus colonialism is the forcible imposition of foreign rule on a territory. Thus colonization is morally objectionable because it infringes on the basic human rights to freedom and self-governance
The forcible nature of colonialism requires that the colonizing power use violent force or subjugation techniques that may include extermination or enslavement of the indigenous populations such as in Africa and parts of Asia. In her book, Britain’s Gulag, Caroline Elkins outlines how more than 200,000 indigenous Africans were massacred by the British colonialists and 1.5 million forced into labor camps reminiscent of the Nazi labor camps for resisting their rule. The Europeans first came to the continent as explorers and missionaries but the abundant wealth of raw materials foresaw the scramble and partition for mineral rich nations in the Berlin Conference of 1886.
The colonizing process often included civilizing the natives against their will and imposing taxes to ensure that they participated in the money economy by engaging in forced labor.This imperialistic view that the colonizing powers’ cultures were better led to the abolishment of native cultures and hence revolutionized their way of life. Often the colonizing powers deemed themselves superior and introduced racist and essentialist doctrines like apartheid in South Africa. Thus the colonized natives became second class citizens in their own lands and any resistance was met with deadly force.
Thus the imposition of foreign rule on any territory is morally objectionable since basic human rights of freedom and right to self-governance are infringed upon. The minority colonizing powers have to employ brutal means in order to control the natives who usually outnumber them.

References
Elkins, Caroline. Britain’s Gulag: The brutal end of empire in Kenya. 2005