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Research
Question1.

Before making a case for an evidence-based project, it is essential to understand the culture of the organization in order to begin assessing its

readiness for EBP implementation.

1. Complete the “Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice Survey,” located in the textbook

appendix.Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

2.Develop an analysis of 250 words from the results, addressing your organization’s readiness level, possible project barriers and facilitators, as

well as how to integrate clinical inquiry.

3.Make sure to include the rationale for the survey categories scores that were significantly high and low, incorporating details and/or examples.

Also explain how to integrate clinical inquiry into the organization, providing strategies that strengthen the organizations weaker areas.

4.Submit a summary of your results. The actual survey results do not need to be included.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not

required. References required.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, revise “Section A: Organizational Culture and Readiness Assessment” for your final paper submission.

This will be a continuous process throughout the course for each section

Ouestion 2

Write a paper of 500-750 words (not including the title page and reference page) on your proposed problem description for your EBP project. The

paper should address the following:
1 Describe the background of the problem. Tell the story of the issue and why it deserves attention.
2 Identify the stakeholders/change agents. Who, or what organizations, are concerned, may benefit from, or are affected by this proposal. List

the interested parties, patients, students, agencies, Joint Commission, etc.
3 Use the feedback from the Topic 2 main forum post and refine your PICOT question. Make sure that the question fits with your graduate degree

specialization. Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer

Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
4 State the purpose and project objectives in specific, realistic, and measurable terms. The objective should address what is to be gained.

This is a restatement of the question, providing focus. Measurements need to be taken before and after the evidence-based practice is introduced to

identify the expected changes.
5 ) Provide supportive rationale that the problem or issue is an important one for nursing to resolve using relevant professional literature

sources.
6 Develop an initial reference list to assure that there is adequate literature to support your evidence-based practice project. Follow the

“Steps to an Efficient Search to Answer a Clinical Question” box in chapter 3 of the textbook. Use “NUR-699 Search Method Example” to assist you.
7) The majority of references should be research articles. However, national sources such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Department of Health and Human Resources (HHS), or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

(AHRQ) and others may be used when you are gathering statistics to provide the rationale for the problem.
7 Once you get into the literature, you may find there is very little research to support your topic and you will have to start all over

again. Remember, in order for this to be an evidence-based project, you must have enough evidence to introduce this as a practice change. If you

find that you do not have enough supporting evidence to change a practice, then further research would need to be conducted.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide; An abstract is not required.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Upon receiving feedback from the instructor, refine “Section B: Problem Description” for your final submission. This will be a continuous process

throughout the course for each section.

Managements Position
What should management’s role be in effecting internal security? What should managements position be on prosecuting offenders?

 

The Future of Omni-Channel Retail: Emily Culp of Rebecca Minkoff

What to do:
Watch “The Future of Omni-Channel Retail: Emily Culp of Rebecca Minkoff”

This is a short video (about 18 minutes) explaining how Rebecca Minkoff strategically integrates multiple marketing channels. A link to the video is

available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR6wGM_WAvk

Think about examples from your own life of how a company used omni-channel marketing to influence your purchasing behavior and answer these two

questions.

1. Give a specific example of how a company effectively used multiple channels to influence a purchase you made.

2. Give a specific example of how a company lost (or almost lost) you as a customer (for at least one purchase experience) because they did not

effectively use omni-channel marketing strategies.
Formatting Guidelines.

 

PROJECT PRESENTATION INSTRUCTIONS

You are to create a Project Presentation on a topic relating to military families and “resilience.” For instance, if the topic is the impact of

military service-member substance abuse disorders on the military family, you mustdiscuss the problem and then describe a secondary prevention

or intervention program (choosing evidence-based practices wherever possible). You must also provide a clear and explicit tie to resilience and

the family.

The Project Presentation mustbe a PowerPoint presentation that includes notes in the notes section located below the individual slides that are

designed to help another person effectively give your presentation. The minimum length of the Project Presentation is 15 slides. There is not a

maximum length. The goal of this assignment is to provide the you with a presentation that can immediately be used in your real-world

environment to impact the selected audience.

Use the following criteria and guidelines for developing your project presentation:
• Topic/Audience –At the beginning of the presentation, clearly identify the type of audience that your presentation is prepared for. It

is important for the topic to be relevant to the audience.
• Content – Develop powerpoint slides for the major talking points you developed in your outline. Your main talking points mustdescribe

the problem and explain the intervention/prevention program. Talking points must be supported by scholarly research. In addition, you must

support talking points with reading/lecture material or outside sources, good examples (pertinent, personal or conceptual examples are

acceptable), or thoughtful analysis. All sources used must be documented with in-text citations.
• Professionalism of Presentation –The PowerPoint slides must be formatted neatly and professionally. Do not overload the slides with too

much text or long paragraphs. Organize the slides by using the header section at the top of each slide as well as using bullet points or

numbering to delineate main talking points. You may use graphs and images as visual aids in presenting the material as long as they are relevant

and add value to your talking points. Keep your audience in mind when designing the slides. Use the notes field under each slide to provide a

narrative. The notes section/narrative must provide enough details to explain the main talking points and help another person effectively

present your material. In addition, you must include at least one exercises (in a handout) that is designed to help your audience remember and

apply the information (such as role play, group, or family exercise, discussion questions, etc.).
• Christian Worldview – Apply biblical themes to the problem discussed in your presentation and integrate biblical principles to the

secondary prevention or intervention program. Support the biblical principles discussed with citations/references to specific passages or

verses.
• Current APA – The citations provided in each slide must be formatted according to APA. In addition, you must include a reference slide

at the end of the PowerPoint with correct, current APA formatting. All sources provided on the reference slide must be cited at least once in-

text.

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT (ESSAY)
Topic 1
Can The ‘Middle Of The Market’ Be Filled?
A capacity gap has opened between the largest of the single-aisle aircraft produced
by Airbus and Boeing and the smallest of the twin-aisle wide bodied aircraft
available. Some airlines consider that the 757 has fulfilled the role of the ‘middle of
the market’ aircraft for many years. Airbus consider that they have plugged the gap
by developing the A321neoLR. However, Boeing appear to be struggling to identify a
competitive response.
You have been retained by IATA to conduct research into the potential for Boeing to
offer an aircraft in the appropriate size category that can compete with the Airbus
A321neoLR.
• Intro (250 words)- in terms of Middle of market (MoM) in aviation market.

•Firstparagraph, you should estimate the size of the potential market. What city-pairscould be linked and what type of airline business model could

be tempted toenter such a market?(500 words)

•Secondparagraph, what are the technological challenges to be overcome if Boeingdecide to address the ‘middle of the market’ with a new aircraft

type? Youshould consider the key technical parameters, cost of development and sales
potential. (500 words)

•Thirdparagraph, do you think that Boeing can address the ‘middle of the market’ withan existing aircraft type? What are the constraints and risks?

(500 words)

•Fourthparagraph, do you consider that Boeing’s strategy for this market may bethreatened by emerging aircraft programmes in China and Russia? (500

words)

•Lastparagraph, you should offer a recommendation, backed up with evidence andargument, on how Boeing might proceed. (500 words)

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
The assessment criteria for this assignment are:
Basis of Assessment Weighting
Understanding of the brief: You should demonstrate that you have a
thorough grasp of the specifics of the assignment. 4
Standard of English: You are not expected to write like Shakespeare.
However, you must express your ideas in narrative form, in
unambiguous and grammatically correct English, and with good
punctuation and spelling. 4
Quality of the presentation: A clean, attractive and legible
presentation is called for, with properly annotated graphs and
diagrams (where appropriate). 2
Critical understanding: You should demonstrate that you really do
understand the subject, evidenced by research and reading that you
have conducted specifically for the assignment. 15
Use of practical examples: Your work should not be purely
theoretical but must be supported by examples that are relevant to
your arguments. 10
Critical analysis: This is the most important criterion of the
assessment. Rather than write in a descriptive manner, you should
analyse and then challenge the points of view of commentators that
you quote and the behaviours of organisations that you reference. 25
Originality: You should strive to think of new ideas and concepts, and
then justify your thinking. 20
Relevance: It is vital that you stick to the specifics of the assignment
and resist all temptation to wander off into discussion that is not
relevant. 15
Structure: You should not write a ‘stream of consciousness’. Your
work must have a clear and identifiable structure, with a logical
progression of arguments, starting with an introduction and finishing
with a conclusion and, if appropriate, recommendations. 3
Bibliography and referencing: Source material must be properly
referenced. You will be judged not only on the breadth of your
references, but also the depth. For example, an over reliance on
Wikipedia will be frowned upon. 2
Overall Assignment Mark: / 100
References(please contain and consult these reference lists)-Harvard Referencing System
Buying The Big Jets –fleet planning for airlines–3rdedition (Paul Clark)

Stormy Skies –airlines in crisis (Paul Clark)

Doganis, R. (2013). Flying Off Course. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.

Straight and Level –practical airline economics (Stephen Holloway)

How Boeing Defied the Airbus Challenge(Mohan R Pandey)

Boeing vs Airbus (John Newhouse)

*manufacturer forecasts (available on company web sites):
Global Market Forecast (Airbus)
Current Market Outlook (Boeing)

*https://leehamnews.com/

*https://www.flightglobal.com/

Topic: Discuss types of television comedies.

Please read the following
For number 3, you will need to use a least one resource from my university library
This is the link to the library https://aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/patroninfo/1436376/top
Student number: 3268949
Password:123456

1. Write an essay of approximately 1000 to 1200 words (about four double-spaced typed pages) on your chosen topic. Expect that if your essay goes

over the length requirement, your essay could be returned to you for revision.
2. Begin your research. You might start with a general Google search and then a Google Scholar search, but you will also need to visit the AU

library databases to find sound academic articles. Note: When you’re first learning about a topic, Wikipedia might be an appropriate place to start,

but always move on from Wikipedia. As an open source, it is not sufficiently trustworthy for academic purposes. Therefore, do not use quotes or

paraphrases from Wikipedia. This is not a source your tutor will want to see on your citation list. Be equally careful of other questionable

websites since they are in abundance.
3. Find two to four reputable secondary sources and review them carefully. At least one source should be from a peer-reviewed journal article

accessed through the AU library databases. Please go to Acting on Words and read the segment called “Primary and Secondary Sources” in the chapter

called “Finding Information: Types of Sources” or go to https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/education/008-3010-e.html for a sound explanation of

primary and secondary sources. Your tutor will also be pleased to help.
4. Based on the research you found as well as your own brainstorming, develop a straightforward thesis that is sufficiently limited in scope

(meaning something you can do justice to in a short essay).
5. Create an outline.
6. Consider speaking with your tutor to review your thesis and outline. We strongly encourage you to do so.
7. Begin the first draft of your essay.
8. Make use of at least two (and no more than four) secondary sources within your essay by adding quotations and paraphrases. Then, every time you

paraphrase or quote, follow these four steps:
* Introduce each source
* Present the research
* Credit the source parenthetically
* Discuss
9. In other words, include quotation (and paraphrase) sandwiches in your essay. Don’t just drop in quotations or paraphrases from sources into your

essay. (Some experts call these hit and run quotations).
10. Create a Works Cited or References page, and make sure to take this seriously. Do not guess, and do not use a software program. Doing this

correctly is not difficult, but it does require you to pay very close attention to detail. We expect you to do so.
11. Revise and edit your draft. You should have produced and edited at least one preliminary draft before you hand in the final copy.
12. Consider using the Write Site’s coaching services. Tutors are not expected or encouraged to review your drafts, but reviewing drafts is one of

the mandates of the Write Site.
13. Study the assignment checklist and answer the questions honestly.
14. When you’re ready, upload your assignment through the assignment drop box.
15. MLA citation and format style

“The Opening of Bright Horizons”

A new continuing care retirement community (CCRC) is currently under construction in the City of Hope located in a growing area of southern

Florida. This is a growing area of the state with a population within 30 miles of the new community of 1.25 million people. Because of the low

taxes and mild climate, it has become a very popular retirement destination. Currently, about 32 % of the population is over age 60 and the

number of retirees seems to be increasing monthly. The average household income in this area is $102,000 which is much higher than the national

average. This community was started by a very generous donation of $ 5 million from the estate of Mrs. Logan who had retired to this area of

Florida and spent her last year of life in a nursing home. Because her mother had a bad experience, her son wanted to use some of the proceeds

from her estate to open a CCRC where residents could stay in familiar surroundings and age in place.
With the donation, an operator was found with experience in the development and operation of long term care facilities within the continuum.

The developer has just hired you as the new Executive Director of this community. You were selected because of your 15 years of experience in

this industry and your master’s degree in health care administration. You also met the requirements because you are a licensed nursing home

administrator in the state of Florida.
This new community is going to be operated as a for-profit corporation under the guidance of a 10 member board of trustees. The project is

scheduled to have a luxury apartment complex with 150 one bedroom apartments for seniors who are able to live independently. These apartments

will cost about $ 1000 a month in rent and provide excellent security with a concierge around the clock and will also have a van with a driver

to transport the residents for shopping and entertainment. Because of the growth of the senior population, it is anticipated that these units

will be fully occupied within six months of opening. Residents will use their personal income to pay for these apartments and they can leave

without penalty after their lease of one year is complete.

There will be a second building on this campus which will house 50 Assisted Living Apartments for residents who require significant assistance

with their Activities of Daily Living. The Assisted Living Area will have apartments without kitchens that open to a central living area and

community dining room. Nursing staff will be onsite 24 hours a day and licensed nurses will monitor and oversee the administration of

medications for these patients. Residents will pay $2000 a month each to utilize these services. On the other side of the building connected by

a central atrium, a 50 bed nursing home will be located. This nursing home is projected to charge $9,000 per month. The owner has projected

that 50 % of these costs will be covered by Medicare Reimbursement and 50% will be covered by private pay. Based on your experience, you are

certain that the facility should plan for a payer mix as follows: 50% Medicare or other insurance, 20% private pay and 30% Medicaid. Because of

the demographic in the area, you are comfortable with market projections that indicate that both the Assisted Living Facility and the Nursing

Home should be at 90 % capacity at the end of the first year of operation. Based on market projections, the other nursing facilities are at

capacity and the largest provider just had some very negative press due to significant life safety violations cited when residents had to be

evacuated because their air conditioning system failed and could not be repaired timely.

As the new Executive Director, the Board Chairman asks that you prepare a budget for the first year of operation and provide a projection on

when the CCRC will achieve profitability.

Case Study Questions:
1. Prepare a budget for the first year of operation assuming that the CCRC will be fully open as of January 1st. Please make assumptions where

you do not specific facts as you will be evaluated based on the logic and realism of your assumptions. Please make sure to consider staffing

costs, revenue and overhead expenses.
2.Identify within your operating budget what key positions that you would need to hire for this new venture.
3.A part of your presentation to the Board, provide feedback to them regarding whether you believe that profitability can be achieved within

one year and your rationale.

View the videos in the Assigned Readings and Preparation Activities section and prepare an abstract of
them by following the Abstract Format & Requirements document in Faculty & Course Info. Only one

research Paper Writing abstract discussing all of the videos is necessary. Write one or two paragraphs about each video in the
summary, reaction, and application sections as described in the requirements document. Project

Management Audit Tips: How To AuditA Project https://youtu.be/goh_mofo-ck How to Capture Lessons
Learned at the End of a Project https://youtu.be/DBUqW_ek4hl

Title:
Comparing different techniques to teach spelling in high school for Saudi students.
مقارنة بين طريقتين لتدريس التهجئة في اللغة الانجليزية في إحدى المدارس الثانوية بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Statement of the problem:
Saudi students learning English are facing some obstacles that prevent them from becoming proficient language users (Al-Nasser, 2015). One of

those problems is spelling. El-Dakhs & Mitchell (2011, p13) stated that “Saudi EFL learners suffer from serious difficulties with their English

spelling despite the earlier introduction of English in schools”
Therefore, research should be carried out to find the best way to teaching spelling in our schools. By the end of this study, the result will

be analyzed, and a decision will be made regarding the most effective technique.
Purpose of the study:
The study aims at comparing two different techniques of teaching spelling in a high school in Makkah region. It will teach two different groups

using those two different methods to find which groups show improvement. It will also examine students attitude towards the implementation of

those methods and how helpful they were to the students.
Research questions:
The research will answer the following questions:
1- Which spelling technique is more effective in high schools in Saudi Arabia (CCC or Flip Folder)?
2- What are the students’ attitudes toward those techniques?
After implementing those two methods a clear answer will be delivered, and a decision will be made regarding the most effective one.
Hypotheses of the study
The first hypothesis which represents the null hypothesis states the following:
Using copy-cover-compare or flip folder method to teach spelling do not improve students’ spelling.
The second hypothesis, states the following:
Using copy-cover-compare method to teach spelling does improve students spelling.
The third hypothesis, states the following:
Using flip folder method to teach spelling does improve students spelling.

Significance of the study:
There is a number of research which discusses Saudi students’ errors in spelling (Alhaisoni, Al-Zuoud, & Gaudel, 2015; Hameed, 2015; Khan &

Itoo, 2012). However, there is a shortage of studies that tackle spelling instruction in Saudi Arabia. Three articles were found to which

applied different methods to teach spelling in Saudi Arabia (Al-jarf, 2011; Alrwele, 2017; Nahari & Alfadda, 2016). This study aims to compare

the different spelling strategies and decide which one is better in our context.
Currently, copy-cover-compare has received many compliments on its efficacy in teaching spelling. Many have claimed that this is the best method

to be used (Alrwele, 2017; Darrow, McLaughlin, Derby, & Johnson, 2012; Skinner, McLaughlin, & Logan, 1997).
On the other hand, flip folder which is a variation of a technique that was proposed by (Horn, 1967). It is “systematic technique for learning

the correct spelling of words by using a combination of visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile procedures” (Gentry, 2004, p. 60)
The result of the research could be recommended to the Ministry of Education to include a spelling section in each module. That would hopefully

develop students level of spelling which would positively affect their overall language ability. In addition, it is going to be beneficial for

English language teachers in Saudi Arabia to use the method which has been proven to be suitable in our context.

Literature Review:
Spelling is considered a difficult task to be learned not only by second language learners but also by native speakers, and that is because

English spelling has many exceptions (Eide, 2012). Krashen (1989) claimed that students learn to spell just by reading, which supports his input

hypothesis. Others emphasized the role of producing explicit spelling instructions to help students overcome this issue (S.; Graham, Harris, &

Fink-Chorzempa, 2003; Steve Graham et al., 2008; Steve Graham & Santangelo, 2014; Maddox & Feng, 2013). It has been claimed that poor spellers

are usually poor readers, in other words, reading and spelling are closely connected that if a student was unaware of spelling, it would affect

his/her reading ability (Ehri, 1987; Moats, 1999). Researchers have acknowledged that English spelling is unpredictable and cannot be solely

acquired by learning rules. (Schlagal & Schlagal, 1992, as cited in Davis, 2011). Westwood (2005,p36) commented: “mastery of the most commonly

occurring words is of particular importance for students with learning difficulties because these are indeed the words they use in their

writing.” Although spelling instruction is recommended to be taught explicitly, many Teachers are unaware of the most effective spelling

strategies and employ old theories ( Apel & Masterson, 2001 cited in Davis, 2011).
Spelling is also a major problem for Arabs and Saudi English language learners. There is much research conducted which emphasize the weaknesses

of Arabs in spelling. Students in various stages and ages have been suffering from English spelling precisely when it comes to writing. (Al-

Jarf, 2008; Alhaisoni et al., 2015; Bowen, 2011; El-dakhs & Mitchell, 2011.; Hameed, 2015; Saigh & Schmitt, 2012). “The focus of Arabic readers

on consonants and the absence of written vowels in Arabic text can frequently lead to inaccurate guessing both in Arabic and English” (Bowen,

2011, p. 88). Arabs and Saudi students rely on pronunciation to spell words which causes many mistakes such as vowel substitution and

phonological mistakes (Cook cited in Hameed, 2015). Al-Nasser also commented (2015, p. 1612) “There are many sounds corresponding to

characters/letters in the English alphabet which cannot conveniently be pronounced by the Arabic speaking people”.
Additionally, spelling affect students’ writing as Nahari and Alfadda (2016) commented “some argued that individuals with low confidence

regarding their spelling and related skills not only write less and with a more limited vocabulary, but may feel unable to express their

knowledge in various subject areas(p3)”
Theoretical Framework:
The presented techniques for teaching spelling (Copy, Cover, Compare and Flip Folder) are all different ways of enhancing students memory to

spell words correctly. In teaching most common words, students are asked to memorize them as most of them do not follow rules and patterns and

can only learned by memorization.
Copy-Cover-Compare is based on the Behaviorism theory. The Behaviorism theory states that learning occurs by repetition which leads to habit

formation. That is the main focus of the theory is to boost learners’ ability to memorize words spellings. In this method, students are asked to

memorize words spelling in isolation and repeat the exercise in case of mistakes. Learning to spell words as a whole unit is better for

remembering and recalling them later without making mistakes (Wallace, 2006).
Flip folder technique is a combination of different steps to maximize visual memorization. It is believed that students would produce

correct words if they use their visual memory. Researchers concluded that “one of the main processes by which a student learns words that do not

follow a phonetic rule is by visualizing those words as they have been seen or as they resemble other words” (Allred 1977 as cites in Davis,

2011). According to a study conducted by (Ormrod, 1985) he stated that visualization works well with a short-term memory situation.
Those two theories will be put into tests in this research to conclude what is more effective on teaching spelling. Copy-cover-compare

which focuses on repetition and flip folder which combines memorization with visualization will be practiced by students to see if there is any

improvement on students’’ memories.

Research design:
The study is going to be a mixed method research. That is the research will begin with a quantitative research and followed by a qualitative

one. Data will be collected quantitatively in the first phase (Pre-and Posttest) and qualitatively in the second one; open-ended questionnaire

about student’s perception. In this way, an explanatory sequential mixed method is applied to show the outcome of the intervention in the first

part, and deliver a full picture of how students experience the process in the second one (Creswell, 2014).
In the quantitative phase, a pretest will be administered first, followed by an intervention for three weeks. After the intervention a post test

will be conducted and compared with the pre test and with the other group to see if there is any improvement after the intervention.
In the qualitative phase, an open-ended questionnaire will be distributed to students to check their opinion about the intervention and how the

whole experiment was. A questionnaire was used because it saves time in collecting data. The result will be analyzed thematically using NVivo

program. Thematic analysis is a method for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data. It minimally organizes and

describes your data set in (rich) detail (Braun & Clarke, 2006, p. 6).
A website (http://countwordsfree.com/# ) is going to be used to analyze and appoint the most frequent words in Traveller 3 (students’ current

English language book in public high school). Words of more than four letters are selected form this list. At first, students will have a

dictation pre-test from the word list which contains 50 most frequent words, followed by a post-test at the end of the intervention. Students

are provided with words and trained on them with no context. It is sufficient to teach words in lists than in context (Horn 1967). An automatic

scoring program (Zidan) will be used to mark the pre-and post-test to show what students in both groups have gained and which group scored more

than the other. The results will then be analyzed using SPSS software.
Sampling:
Due to the nature of the researcher’s job; teaching, a convenience sample was used in this study. So, the teacher will be teaching the spelling

technique as well as carrying out the research. A convenience sample means that the participating students are selected based on their

availability and convenience (Creswell, 2014)
Participant:
The participants of this research are second-grade high school students from Makkah city in Saudi Arabia. Students ages range from 16 to 18

years old. They will be divided into two groups; each group consists of 26-30 students. Students will take a pre-test followed by spelling

instruction for 15 minutes in each week. A post-test would follow after students complete 90 minutes of instruction.
Research Limitation:
1- There are many methods and techniques to teach spelling, some would be more beneficial than what have been used in this research. Thus,

further studies focusing on using different strategies would add more to the literature.
2- Those methods are used only in one grade, one school in Makkah. The result could not be generalized, but it would serve as an indication of

how students learn. Further research is recommended to teach different students from different educational regions, different stages (junior-

high, or elementary school).

References:
Alhaisoni, E. M., Al-Zuoud, K. M., & Gaudel, D. R. (2015). Analysis of spelling errors of beginner learners of English in the English foreign

language context in Saudi Arabia. English Language Teaching, 8(3), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n3p185
Al-Jarf, R. (2008). Phonological and Orthographic Problems in EFL College Spellers. First Regional Conference on English Language Teaching and

Literature (ELTL 1), (December), 1–12.
Al-jarf, R. (2011). Teaching Spelling Skills with a Mind-mapping Software. Asian EFL Journal, 53(July), 4–16.
Al-Nasser, A. S. (2015). Problems of English Language Acquisition in Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory-cum-remedial Study. Theory and Practice in

Language Studies, 5(8), 1612. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0508.10
Alrwele, N. S. (2017). COMPARING EFFICACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPELLING ACCURACY COVER, COPY , AND COMPARE VERSUS THE ASSIGN- AND-TEST METHOD

COMPARING EFFICACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPELLING ACCURACY COVER , COPY , AND COMPARE VERSUS THE ASSIGN-AND-TEST METHOD. International

Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 6(7), 184–190.
Bowen, H. (2011). Spelling it out! Accounting for spelling difficulties for Arab learners of English, 2014, 85–98.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.
Darrow, D., McLaughlin, T. F., Derby, K. M., & Johnson, K. (2012). Using Cover, Copy, and Compare Spelling with and without Timing for

Elementary Students with Behavior Disorders. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(2), 417–426. Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1068609&site=ehost-live
Davis, K. N. (2011). A comparative content analysis of five spelling programs in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade. Education.
Ehri, L. C. (1987). Movement into word reading and spelling: How spelling contributes to reading. University of California.
Eide, D. (2012). Uncovering the logic of English. Pedia Learning Inc. Minneapolis, MN, 55420.
El-Dakhs, D., & Mitchell, A. (2011). Spelling errors among EFL high school graduates. In The 4th Annual KSAALT Conference, paper presented in Al

Khobar, Prince Mohammed Bin Fahad University.
Gentry, J. R. (2004). The science of spelling. Heinemann Portsmouth, NH.
Graham, S. ., Harris, K. R. ., & Fink-Chorzempa, B. (2003). Extra spelling instruction: Promoting better spelling, writing, adn reading

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Critically analyze the research presented and summarize in a logical format •Prepare a 10-12 minute literature seminar covering a recent Chrmistry journal publication of interest
• PowerPoint
•Short journal choice (1-15 pages)