Student Learning Outcomes
• Differentiate between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
• Differentiate between inferential test statistics an p-values
• Given a p-value make a decision about whether one should reject or retain the null hypothesis
• Given information about data decide which test one should use
• Given the descriptive statistics, a test statistic, and the p-value explain the findings using plain language, and in APA style.
• Choose the best interpretation of the data given inferential and descriptive statistics
• Select the appropriate conclusion given inferential statistics, means, and SDs

Application Activity 1
Part A. Below are excerpts from journal articles. For each excerpt, identify the descriptive statistic and identify the inferential statistic.

Also, decide which value is the test statistic and which value is the p-value. Then, decide what decision the author should make about the null

and alternative hypothesis. Finally, based on the finding describe two possible interpretations of the data (see page. 178 in Mitchell et al.

for help with this).

A. Participants in the wronging condition reported a higher mean entitlement score (M = 4.34, SD = 1.23) than did control participants (M =

3.85, SD = 1.19), t(92) = 1.96, p = .05.
1. Bold descriptive statistics and underline or highlight inferential statistics.
2. List test statistic _______________, p value ________________
3. What decision should the author make about the null hypothesis (i.e., retain or reject)?
4. What are two possible interpretations of the data?

B. People who wrote about a time when their lives were unfair were more frustrated (M = 2.45, SD = 1.21) than were people who wrote about a

time when they were bored (M = 1.94, SD = 1.11), t(103) = 2.25, p = .03.
1. Bold descriptive statistics and underline or highlight inferential statistics.
2. List test statistic _______________, p value ________________
3. What decision should the author make about the null hypothesis (i.e., retain or reject)?
4. What are two possible interpretations?

C. People who wrote about a time when their lives were unfair did report being more angry after writing the essay (M = 2.05, SD = 1.18)

than did people who wrote about a time when they were bored (M = 1.34, SD = .77), t(103) = 3.64, p < .001
1. Bold descriptive statistics and underline or highlight inferential statistics.
2. List test statistic _______________, p value ________________
3. What decision should the author make about the null hypothesis (i.e., retain or reject)?
4. What are two possible interpretations?

D. There was not a significant difference in the mean of the negative affect words on the PANAS between participants in the wronging

condition (M = 1.70, SD = .54) and control condition (M = 1.55, SD = .53),t(103) = 1.50, p = .14.
1. Bold descriptive statistics and underline or highlight inferential statistics.
2. List test statistic _______________, p value ________________
3. What decision should the author make about the null hypothesis (i.e., retain or reject)?
4. What are two possible interpretations?

E. There was a strong positive relationships between eating ice cream and donation behavior, r(56) = 0.78, p < .003.
1. Bold descriptive statistics and underline or highlight inferential statistics.
2. List test statistic _______________, p value ________________
3. What decision should the author make about the null hypothesis (i.e., retain or reject)?
4. What are two possible interpretations?

F. Further, the ice cream eating was not related to massaging one’s forehead, r(56) = 0.24, p = .15.
1. Bold descriptive statistics and underline or highlight inferential statistics.
2. List test statistic _______________, p value ________________
3. What decision should the author make about the null hypothesis (i.e., retain or reject)?
4. What are two possible interpretations?

G. Is there a general pattern that you noticed across all results excerpts?

Part B. Choose the best interpretation of the data below.
Imagine I found the following correlation between attractiveness and life success, r(34) = 0.78, p = .003. Which of the following is the best

interpretation of the data?
a. Attractive people are less successful on average than unattractive people
b. Attractive people are more successful on average compared to unattractive people
c. There is a strong relationship between attractiveness and life success such that as attractiveness increases so does life success
d. There is a weak relationship between attractiveness and life success such that as attractiveness increases so does life success
e. There is a strong negative relationship between attractiveness and life success.

Imagine that I had two drugs, X and Z. I administered the drugs to people with sleep difficulties for one month. The mean amount of sleep

difficulties reported in the drug X groupin the past month was 3.44 (SD = 2.34) and the mean in drug Z was 4.66 (SD = 1.23), t(56) = 2.10, p =

.10. What is the best interpretation of the data?
a. Drug Z decreased the frequency of sleep trouble as compared to Drug X
b. There were no differences in sleep troubles reported by those in drug X group compared to those in the drug Z group.
c. There was no significant relationship between drug type and reported sleep trouble
d. There was a significant decrease in sleep troubles reported by those who consumed drug X compared to drug Z.
e. Sleep trouble decreased as a function of drug use.

Application Activity 2
Imagine that I was interested in the effect of benevolent intentions on pleasure. Participants received one of two types of goodies: a tootsie

roll with a note that read, “I picked this goodie just for you. I hope you like it!” or a note that read, “I was told to pick this goodie. So,

whatever.” After the participants completed a puzzle and ate the candy they were asked how delicious they thought the good was on a scale that

ranged from 1 (not at all delicious) to 6 (extremely delicious). The data are below.

Benevolent condition, M = 4.55, SD = 2.10 Apathetic condition, M = 2. 30 SD = 1.25

1. Describe the mean differences in plain language.

2. Describe the variability in both conditions.

3. Decide which statistical test you should use.

4. Imagine the following data: t(38) = 6.38, p < .001. What would you conclude about the effect of benevolent intention on pleasure?

5. Which of the above is an inferential statistic?

6. Write an APA style sentence describing the descriptive and inferential statistics.

Application Activity 3

Imagine a researcher conducted a study using survey/correlation methods. She asked people complete the Happiness Scale and she asked how often

they go on vacation. Then she correlated happiness and vacation frequency to see if there was a relationship. Finally, she divided people into

four groups based on their income and examined the relationships separately.

Poor folks Moderate income folks Rich folks Filthy Rich folks
r(34) = .62 r(36) = .59 r(24) = .44 r(20) = .30

1)Describe the relationship between vacation frequency and happiness for rich folks.

2)In which group is the relationship between vacation frequency and happiness strongest?

3)What is the best interpretation of the data for moderate income folks?

4)Which of the following would support your above conclusion?
a) r(36) = .59, p = .06
b) r(36) = .59, p = .08
c) r(36) = .59, p = .05
d) r(36) = .59, p = .16

5)Below are the actual data for moderate income folks. Given the data write an APA style sentence.

r = .56
df = 32
p< .001

 

Archaeology
provide your opinion and examples in the discussion and go beyond simply restating what we have learned verbatim.

typically assignments that receive full points provide the standard five paragraph essay form (introduction, three supporting paragraphs, and concluding paragraph).

https://youtu.be/8tJocMy_ezQ

Zooarchaeology: The Study of Animal Bones and How it is Done

 

https://greekarchaeology.osu.edu/arch-edu/analysis

 

Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis

(DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders

difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for

patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT.
To Prepare
• Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic

venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think

about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these

disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the

examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the

epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.
To Complete
Write a 2-page paper that addresses the following:
• Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from

arterial thrombosis.
• Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe

treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and

clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided

at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm). All papers

submitted must use this formatting.

 

 

Major Debates Over Macroeconomic Policy

This week requires the student to address six unresolved issues in macroeconomics, each of which is central to current political debates. Students are required to use information and tools that they have accumulated in their study of the text and evaluate both sides of those issues, determine which side they can support for each issue, and defend their positions.

Assignment Steps :

Select two subjects from the following list of topics:
– Active monetary and fiscal policy
-Increased government spending to fight recessions
-Reducing federal government’s discretionary powers
-Zero-inflation target
-Balanced government budget
-Tax incentives for saving

Then write a 1,050-word analysis describing:

1. Evaluate both the advocates’ position and the critics’ position.
2. Determine which position you support and defend your position.

**Cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources not including your textbook.
**Format consistent with APA guidelines.

Instructions from the Professor are below. “Zara: Fast Fashion” (HBS). Same format as my last order (81646214)

Prepare the Case
1. Read and examine the case thoroughly

2. Focus your Analysis:
a. Identify two-five key problems.
b. Why do they exist?
c. How do they impact the organization? d. Who is responsible for them?

3. Uncover possible solutions from a strategic management point of view, your experiences in business, etc.

4. Select the best solution.

Drafting the case
1. Introduction: Identify the key problems/issues in the case

2. Background-Set the scene: background information, relevant facts and most important issues to resolve

3. Alternatives:
a. Outline possible alternatives(not necessarily all of them)
b. Explain why alternatives were rejected c. What were the constraints/reasons for rejection
d. Why are alternatives not possible at this time?

4. Proposed Solution:
a. Provide one specific and realistic solution b. Explain why you chose this solution

 

Ethics and Ethical Theories
Read the following prompt and then answer the question(s) at the end.
In answering, you should consider both your own view on the question AND what the ethical theories we’ve
studied thus far would indicate that we should think about the topic.
Also consider why other with different answers than your may
object to your reasoning and attempt to preemptively counter their objections.If you use any direct text from either the textbook or any external

sources, be certain to quote that text properly
(MLA or APA formats are fine)Also, include references/citations for any works which influenced your thinking including the course texts.
1.
Chris and Sonja went shopping to buy Christmas presents for their three sons; Mathew, Mark, and Luke. The loving parents always tried to treat their

children equally. This year, they had budgeted to spend $100 on each of them. For once it looked as if their shopping would be trouble free, for they

soon found what
they were looking for: handheld PlayGame game consoles for $100 each. Just as they were about to take three to the checkout, Chris noticed a special

offer. If you bought two of the new, top of
the line, PlayGamePlusMax consoles at $150 each, then you would get an original PlayGame free. They could spend the same amount of money and get

superior goods.
“We can’t do that,” said Sonja. “That would be unfair, since one of the boys would be getting less than the others.”
“But Sonja,” said Chris, excited at the thought of borrowing one of his sons‟ new toys, “how can it be unfair? This way none of them gets a worse gift

than he would have done, and two of them get better. But if we dont take the offer, two of the kids are worse off than they would otherwise be.” “I

want them all to be equal,” replied Sonja. “Even if it means making them worse off?”
So which of the two parents is being more ethical, and what would be the best thing for these parents to do in response to this dilemma?

 

 

 

 

The starting point of this essay is that Sakai, a representative example of the free cities in the medieval
period, was rated by missionaries in some surviving accounts as ‘the Venice of the East; ‘ and continued
its autonomy until it was later forced to capitulate to Nobunaga ODA. Firstly, show the
general history and systems of Venice, and find some common points to Sakai. The
points would be administrative system, cultural aspects, geographical advantages, and trading
system, etc.

Discussion Prompt:

A Creative Life: Is it all about curiosity?

Some psychologists claim that creativity peaks in early adulthood. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyl is a psychologist who offers strategies for

increasing creativity in one’s life. He claims that creative people regularly experience a state he calls flow, which is a heightened state

of pleasure experienced when they engage in challenging tasks that absorb their interest. Csikszentmihalyl claims that the first step in

achieving a more creative life is through curiosity and interest. Do you agree with Csikszentmihalyl that curiosity and interest can lead

to a more creative life? Do you think heredity plays any role in creativity? Why or why not? What other factors may lead to heightened

creativity in early adulthood? Support your reasoning with information from the text and other course materials.