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How does understanding biology on all levels, from a single cell to the larger biosphere, influence how we understand the world?
Type a 1 – 2 page persuasive essay answering this question. Your audience is your professor so use a formal style. Integrate and apply

course content to reflect on your own learning. Provide examples or personal reflection on how learning about the topic changed, improved

or challenged your understanding. Use the rubric found in Week 1 Module as a guide.

How to reach the target market for an eBay sniping service?
On eBay, bidding during the last 60 seconds of an auction is called sniping. I want to understand how to reach users who would pay for such a

service. Who are they? What do they buy on eBay? How can I reach them?

Criminal Justice
Review the current national drug policies in Canada, England, and the Netherlands. Compare and contrast the various policies and then provide an assessment of whether or not these policies would be viable to institute in the U.S.

research and critically analyze a failed or failing venture
This piece of coursework will require you to research and critically analyze a failed or failing venture. Choose a medium to large size business that has failed in the past 10 years or is currently experiencing significant financial problems. It should be a publicly listed company (so you can access shareholders’ reports) and covered by reputable sources in the business and news media (e.g. Forbes, BusinessWeek, BBC). You will use tools and concepts drawn from lecture material and independent study to identify root causes of failure on multiple levels and develop a turnaround or exit strategy.

A good assignment will:

• Conduct a multi-level analysis to identify and evaluate the root causes of failure, and any changing conditions or major decisions that were central to the failure process
• Present an overview of company performance prior to and after the time period during which failure occurred
• Understand failure as a process rather than as an event, i.e. illustrate how failure develops over time
• Offer considered rationale for turnaround or exit strategy recommendations
• Include a balance of analytical and descriptive writing, as well as diagrams where necessary
• Frame and support analysis and argument with relevant academic literature
• Be clearly structured and written with references in Harvard style format

STRUCTURE and WEIGHTING

1. Introduction – Introduce the case with evidence (25%)
2. Identify – Conduct a systematic multi-level root cause analysis (40%)
3. Strategies – Develop and present a turnaround or exit strategy (25%)
4. Conclusion – Summaries and present key takeaways (10%)

Reading list
BALCAEN, S., 2006. 35 years of studies on business failure: an overview of the classic statistical methodologies and their related problems. The British accounting review, 38(1), 63–93.

BERRYMAN, J., 1983. Small Business Failure and Survey of the Literature. International small business journal, 1(4), 47-59.

SHARMA, S., 1980. Early Warning Indicators of Business Failure. Journal of marketing, 44(4), 80–89.

WATSON, J., 1993. Defining Small Business Failure. International small business journal, 11(3), 35-48.

ARTINGER, S., 2015. Entrepreneurial failure: statistical and psychological explanations. Strategic management journal,.

GELDER, J.-L. van., 2007. Differences in Psychological Strategies of Failed and Operational Business Owners in the Fiji Islands. Journal of small business management: advancing entrepreneurship research worldwide, 45(3), 388–400.

KHELIL, N., 2016. The many faces of entrepreneurial failure: Insights from an empirical taxonomy. Journal of business venturing, 31(1), 72-94.

HONJO, Y., 2000. Business failure of new firms: an empirical analysis using a multiplicative hazards model. International journal of industrial organization, 18(4), 557-574.

MATA, J., 1995. The Survival of New Plants: Start-up Conditions and Post-Entry Evolution. International journal of industrial organization, 13(4), 459-481.

MICHAEL, S.C., 2008. Entrepreneurial failure: The case of franchisees. Journal of small business management : advancing entrepreneurship research worldwide, 46(1), 73-90.

RICHARDSON, B., 1994. Understanding the Causes of Business Failure Crises: Generic Failure Types: Boiled Frogs, Drowned Frogs, Bullfrogs and Tadpoles. Management decision, 32(4), 9-22.

SHEPHERD, D., 2000. New venture survival: Ignorance, external shocks, and risk reduction strategies. Journal of business venturing, 15(5-6), 393-410.

THORNHILL, S., 2003. Learning about Failure: Bankruptcy, Firm Age, and the Resource-Based View. Organization science, 14(5), 497-509.

WATSON, J., 1993. Small Business Failure and External Risk Factors. Small business economics, 11(4), 371-390.

BYRNE, O., 2015. Different Strokes for Different Folks: Entrepreneurial Narratives of Emotion, Cognition, and Making Sense of Business Failure. Entrepreneurship : theory and practice, 39(2), 375-405.

CORBETT, A., 2007. How Corporate Entrepreneurs Learn from Fledgling Innovation Initiatives: Cognition and the Development of a Termination Script. Entrepreneurship : theory and practice, 31(6), 829-852.

RIDER, C., 2015. Organizational Failure and Intraprofessional Status Loss. Organization science, 26(3), 633-649.

SINGH, S., 2007. Coping with entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Management and Organization, 13(4), 331-344.

SHEPHERD, D., 2009. Moving forward: Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure. Journal of business venturing, 24(2), 134-148.

UCBASARAN, D., 2010. The nature of entrepreneurial experience, business failure and comparative optimism. Journal of business venturing, 25(6), 541-555.

DEICHMANN, D., 2014. Rising from Failure and Learning from Success: The Role of Past Experience in Radical Initiative Taking. Organization science, 25(3), 670-690.

MUELLER, B.A., 2014. Making the Most of Failure Experiences: Exploring the Relationship Between Business Failure and the Identification of Business Opportunities. Entrepreneurship : theory and practice,.

UCBASARAN, D., 2013. Life After Business Failure: The Process and Consequences of Business Failure for Entrepreneurs. Journal of management, 39(1), 163-202.

WOLFE, M., 2015. ‘Bouncing Back’ From a Loss: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Emotions and Failure Narratives. Entrepreneurship: theory and practice, 39(3), 675-700.

YAMAKAWA, Y., 2015. Rising From the Ashes: Cognitive Determinants of Venture Growth After Entrepreneurial Failure. Entrepreneurship: theory and practice, 39(2), 209-236.

evaluate Macdonald’s and then compare it to the current market capitalization and try to explain the gap between the two different values (maybe about some assumptions). The Macdonalds’s valuation should be done using the DCF method (discounted cash flow) and also the relative or multiple method. The paper should really look like the example uploaded so read it carefully and take it as a model. We also uploaded an example of an excel file to guide you in the calculation of all data needed to do the the valuation. All the data should be done on an excel file and show them on the paper via screeshot like the paper example uploaded. To sum up, the paper should be like the paper example but with Macdonald’s.

REFLECTION PARAGRAPH # 1
In a paragraph or two, please provide you thoughts and reflections on the following
Background Information/statement:
Because of the long histories and wide diversity of Native American cultures and societies, the notion of a single Native American religion is deeply problematic. Nevertheless, a general perspective based primarily on contemporary Native American religions, is possible. A robust form of animism has produced a cautious and reverent attitude toward nature – in contrast, as many would have it, to the aggressive, dominating attitude of many Europeans.
Based on your readings and the course discussions provide a paragraph or two answering the following questions:
1a) How has the encounter between Native American societies and European Christians affected Native American religion?
1b) What advantages and disadvantages have there been for both the Europeans and First Nations after these ‘first encounters’?
Remember that one of the main goals is to show that you are reading and learning. The best way to do this is to incorporate QUOTES and in-text citations into your answers. (This goes for the Chats as well as Reflections. And learning to quote and reference is important for you Annotated Bibliographies and Essay) Use a quote, paraphrase it, comment on, and make comparisons to what you already think and know.
If you plan to use a sentence that was writing by another person, you must show this. Otherwise your writing is not original and does not reflect your learning. Marks of Zero will be given if assignments are not original or material is copied and presented as your work.
How to quote: use quotation marks at the beginning and end of the sentence you copied. Follow this by bracket, the name of the author, page number, and then an end bracket. Then at the end of your Reflection/Essay create a proper reference.
Example Template: “Quote” (Name page-number).
Example: “This is a quote” (Hopfe 23).

Assignment #2: Argument and Market Failure
When economic regulations or laws are proposed, it is usually because Congress or a government agency is
trying to solve what it perceives to be a problem caused by a market failure. You are a staff aide for a member
of the U.S. Senate who is considering what to do about the “fiduciary rule” proposed by the Obama
Administration and being reconsidered by the Trump Administration. Your task is to take an economic
argument and put it into language the Senator – your boss — can use to talk to constituents.
For this assignment, you will show that you understand how markets work and how markets can fail to work.
After the financial crisis of 2008, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act that included a wide variety of proposed changes in financial regulation. One of those dealt with
an attempt to protect individuals (“retail investors”) who receive investment information from financial advisors
– this has been referred to as the “fiduciary rule.”
The Obama Administration argued that individual investors (consumers of financial advisory services) needed
regulatory protection from the financial industry because advisors faced conflicts of interest when proposing
alternative investing strategies. This was particularly important because these investments are expected to
comprise a large portion of the investors’ retirement income (see the language of the White House Fact Sheet,
April 06, 2016 https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/23/fact-sheet-middle-classeconomics-strengthening-retirement-

security-crac). From this perspective, asymmetric information problems
put consumers at a disadvantage in this market. Other potential market failures could be insufficient market
competition (a significant number of financial advisors have this advantage over consumers) and systemic
failures (insufficient individual retirement savings could put the economy at risk).
The critics of the “fiduciary rule” argue that the regulation increases the costs to consumers and will limit their
investment options (compare the Obama White House language with that of the Trump White House in the
Memorandum for the Secretary of Labor February 5, 2018 https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidentialactions/presidential-memorandum-fiduciary-duty-

rule/). From this perspective, the market is the best protector
of consumer interests.
You should be able to discuss this issue using economic language, but also be able to explain it to noneconomists (in this case, telling a

Senator how to discuss this issue with her constituents).
● Your introductory paragraph: introduce the problems of protecting individual investors from potential
conflicts of interests when receiving investment advice and explain if this represents a market failure. If
you proposed that there is a market failure, then you need to identify which specific failure and explain
how specifically the market has failed. If you believe that markets could work properly without
government involvement, explain how the market can address the concerns of those who advocate
government regulation.
● Your first body paragraph provides more specifics than your introductory paragraph and should
EITHER explain how market failures have caused the problems being discussed and how government
regulation would work to solve the financial advice problems (i.e. extend your introductory remarks to
demonstrate how the problems are the direct result of a market failure and how regulation addresses that
failure) OR explain how markets should work to efficiently supply the information that consumers are
purchasing, why market failures have not caused the problems posed by advocates of regulation, and
how such regulation would interfere with the market (i.e. extend your introductory remarks to
demonstrate how the problems we face are not the direct result of a market failure and how government
regulation would cause problems).
● Your second body paragraph should create a “counterclaim” or the best possible objections to your
argument which you present in the first body paragraph. This is the most challenging section of the
assignment as it requires you to think outside of your own operating logic. You are basically arguing the
other side here.
● Your third body paragraph should rebut the counterclaim and establish the superiority of your initial
position. Do not repeat the arguments made in the initial supporting paragraph, but rather point out the
inherent flaws of the counterclaim. It will also allow you to introduce new information as well. Consider
the following:○ “Attack” the assumptions that the counterclaim is making
○ “Attack” the omissions that the counterclaim may have
○ Your own clever “attack”
● Your conclusion should clearly articulate the reader’s takeaway from your argument. How should this
shape their outlook and their position on this issue?
Formatting:
750-1000 words, 12 pt. Times New Roman
Single-spaced with double spacing between paragraphs; 1” margins on all sides
APA citations where needed and a works cited/references page
Assignment Due Date: week 5/Revised Assignment Due Date: week 6
Both completed versions (first and second) of the assignment will be submitted on Blackboard and must
be submitted before your section begins on the due date. First drafts are Pass/No Pass, with “No Pass”
resulting in one letter grade reduction from final assignment grade.
All late assignments are subject to a late penalty.

1. The saying: Research the digital library and/or Internet resources to find some information
about the origin of the saying: “As the twig is bent, so grows the tree.” Where did this folk
theory come from? How old is this saying? What is it supposed to mean? Share your findings
about how it applies to lifespan human development.
2. The person and the theory: Select a recent news article about a life event of an individual.
It can be health related, accident related, educational, or even achievement-oriented. It will
be one “slice in the lifespan of that person.” Give a brief summary of what happened to that
individual and include the lifespan developmental stage/age as part of your summary (i.e.
Infant, child, adolescent, or adult and the chronological age).
To bring it all together, you will need to theorize how the “twig” (person) may have been bent.
Select at least three major developmentalist assumptions such as nature/nurture,
behaviorism, genetic code, sociocultural, or any other developmental concepts from your
textbook. In your presentation, discuss how these developmental concepts may have
contributed to this person’s situation before, during and after the life event featured in the
news article.
3. a PowerPoint presentation with script: Your presentation should be approximately
8-10 slides. Take the major points from the previous deliverables and create the presentation
in PowerPoint. Write a script (about 1 page long) in Microsoft Word as if you are giving your
presentation to a live audience.

No essay. Questions just need to be answered in a few sentences. Please leave questions/answers numbered.

Chapter 7
1. Explain the role hedonistic thinking played in the
origins of Stoicism.
2. How did Cynicism influence Stoicism? Be specific.
3. What is the relationship of Socrates to Cynicism
and Stoicism?
4. How are the Logos and fate related in Stoicism?
5. Identify and discuss possible problems with the
Stoic notion of fate.

Chapter 8
1. Compare and contrast the classical worldview with
the medieval.
2. What basic conditions led to the development of
Christian philosophy? Where did the need for
interpretation come from?
3. In your own words, describe the chief characteristics
of Scholastic scholarship.
4. In what ways is the medieval scholar the forerunner
of the modern professor?
5. Which of the Five Ways do you think is the
weakest? Explain why.

Soccio, Douglas J. (2012-01-01). Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy (Page 244). Cengage Textbook. Kindle Edition.

Chapter 9
1. What was Descartes’s proposal, and how did his
Scholastic education influence it?
2. Give a brief summary of the role methodic doubt
plays in Descartes’s overall eff ort to discover certain
knowledge.
3. How is skepticism important to Cartesian philosophy?
4. What is the evil genius, and what is its significance
to the Cartesian Genesis?
5. Can the Evil Genius refute the cogito? Is there any
way to “refute” the cogito?

Soccio, Douglas J. (2012-01-01). Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy (Page 280). Cengage Textbook. Kindle Edition.

Chapter 10
1. Outline the development of the “epistemological turn”
from Descartes through Locke and Berkeley to Hume.
2. In your own words, reconstruct the basic empirical
critique of rationalism.
3. What is the tabula rasa? What is its significance to
Locke’s empiricism?
4. Explain the philosophical significance of the
question “Does a tree falling in the forest make a
sound if no one is there to hear it?” Then answer it
as Berkeley would.
5. Why is the distinction between impressions and
ideas important to Hume’s philosophy?

Soccio, Douglas J. (2012-01-01). Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy (Page 312). Cengage Textbook. Kindle Edition.

Chapter 11

1. Why did Kant think it necessary to posit the
existence of the noumenal world?
2. How does Kant answer Hume’s bundle theory of the
self? Do you think he is successful?
3. Describe the moral dimension as Kant
understood it.
4. Explain the reasoning behind Kant’s eff orts to make
morality a matter of motives, not consequences.
5. What is a good will, according to Kant, and why
does he claim that the only thing good in itself is a
good will?

Soccio, Douglas J. (2012-01-01). Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy (Page 342). Cengage Textbook. Kindle Edition.

Chapter 12
1. Identify and discuss some of the social and
economic factors that influenced Bentham’s
development of simple utilitarianism.
2. What is “the Malthusian universe”?
3. Apply Bentham’s hedonic calculus to a problem
in your own life. Does doing so help you
deal with it in a “scientific” way—or does it
complicate the problem? If it complicates things,
is this due to some flaw in the calculus or to its
novelty?
4. What role does psychological egoism play in
Bentham’s simple utilitarianism?
5. Did Bentham include animals in the moral domain?
Why or why not?

Soccio, Douglas J. (2012-01-01). Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy (Page 368). Cengage Textbook. Kindle Edition.

Introduction (one paragraph):

The introduction should be interesting and capture the reader’s attention.

Provide a brief description of your community including the city name and state and key features.
Briefly introduce one aggregate or vulnerable population that you identified in your assessment.
Discuss the purpose of your paper. The purpose statement of the paper should relate to assessing this vulnerable population in your community.
Note: the introduction does not carry a heading of “introduction,” instead; the title of the paper is repeated and centered at the top of the second page in plain text.

Vulnerable Population Overview (one to two paragraphs)

Describe one aggregate or vulnerable group in your community in greater detail.
Include your observations about this group from the windshield survey.
Discuss events or trends that have affected this vulnerable group such as economic conditions, trends in health related behaviors or disease rates, etc.

Strengths, Risk Factors, and/or Barriers (two to three paragraphs):
Discuss the strengths, risk factors, and/or barriers that impact this vulnerable population’s health.
Include support from at least onescholarly peer-reviewed journal article in this discussion. Go to the Chamberlain library at http:/library.chamberlain.edu (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Search peer reviewed journals to find a scholarly article that discuss the strengths, risk factors, and/or barriers faced by this vulnerable group. Summarize what you learned from this article and cite the source in the text and reference page (Author, year). For this section, you must choose at least one scholarly article from a peer-reviewed journal. The article must be less than 10 years old (less than 5 years is best). You may include and cite your textbook or other scholarly sources as well, but they do not count as the scholarly journal article.
Please do not include more than two short quotations, at the most. You will need to summarize and analyze the information from the article in your own words.
Community Resources (one to two paragraphs):
Search your local public health department website, the internet, the local newspaper and/or telephone book for health resources available in your community for this vulnerable group.
Briefly describe the resources in your community that are available for this group.
Are these resources adequate? If so, why? If not, discuss gaps in services that you identified.
Community Health Problem Diagnosis (one to two paragraphs):
Based on your assessment and the Healthy People 2020 objectives, identify and discuss onepriority community health problemthat a community health nurse could positively impact. Examples include an increase in teen pregnancies, prevalence of cancer, high incidence of tobacco use, above average infant mortality etc. The problem must relate to the aggregate or vulnerable population you identified.
Go to the Healthy People topic areas at http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Find a topic area that relates to your aggregate or vulnerable population. Click on the topic area and then click on the green “Objectives” tab. Find and state the Healthy People 2020 specific numbered objective (not just a goal) that describes your problem (ex. for teen pregnancy, the topic area Family Planning is relevant, click the green objectives tab and you might choose FP-8.1 “Reduce pregnancies among adolescent females aged 15 to 17 years” (US Department of Health and Human Services: Healthy People 2020, 2016, Objectives: Family Planning, para 8).
Summary (one paragraph):
Summarize important points from the body of your paper including the aggregate or vulnerable group you identified and key factors that you discussed above that affect the health of this group.
Include a statement about the priority problem you identified.
End with a concluding statement.
Reference Page:
The Reference Page should start on a new page (insert a page break). All references should be cited within the body of the paper as (Author, year) and the full reference should be included in APA format on the reference page. A URL link alone is not an adequate reference. See the APA Guidelines in Course Resources for examples of properly formatted references.

Guidelines

Application: Use Microsoft Word 2010™ or later to create this assignment.
Scholarly Writing: APA format is required. Review the APA resources and take advantage of the free tutorial resources.
Use the categories above as APA headings for the sections of your paper.
Length: This paper is expected to be no more than 4 pagesin length (not including the title page and reference list).
Quotations should be minimal – please paraphrase your sources. A maximum of two short quotations should be used for this paper.
Submission: Submit your paper by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 4.
Save your paper with your last name in the document title (e.g., Smith Vulnerable Population Assessment).
Late Submission: See the Policies on late submissions.