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What were the competing values at stake in the Abu Ghraib prison and the Stanford Prison Experiment? Explain your answer.
How could the participants in both cases have avoided the situation where their ability to know what is the right thing to do is compromised? Why didn’t they do it? Explain.
Finally, address how you might have handled the situation in both cases had you been part of that environment.

Here are the sources/references:

http://www.prisonexp.org/the-story/

http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/dod/abughraibrpt.pdf

Term Project Assignment

The term project will consist of a business plan for a retail establishment. Report 1 will include a description of the type of establishment you have chosen, including your products offered, the firm’s ownership structure, and a description of your target customer base. Your report should address all of the issues discussed in the lectures and in the textbook. This section of the report should be at least three pages of text and include supporting data for the major decisions (products, structure, customer base).

Project report 2 will focus on how you identify your customers; how will you get the information needed to identify your customers, what is the unique value you provide (your store’s positioning), and how you will communicate your value to customers. At least three pages, include supporting data sources.

Report 3 will include a description of site selection process and justification for the selection, including a description of your trading area. It will also include a description of the establishment’s organizational structure, and a description of the financial and operations management plan.

Report 4 will include all previous sections and will also add your descriptions of merchandising plans, image development and management and promotional strategy. You will be graded on the entire report (not just the new sections), so I expect you to fix any problems/deficiencies associated with your earlier reports…. you have a second chance to fix the content of your earlier reports. The entire report (not including title pages or references) should be at least 11 pages.

For this assignment, you will complete a 6-page literature review with the emphasis on a
challenge or problem faced by individuals at a specific life stage (middle childhood,
adolescence, young adulthood, or middle adulthood). Upon introducing the topic and pointing
out overall trends in the research, you will argue a particular perspective and discuss relevant
and significant sources (not only sources that agree with your perspective). In your conclusion,
you will discuss what information you have drawn from the literature so far, and where the
discussion and research might proceed moving forward.

You have been hired to perform digital investigations and forensics analysis for Mad Hatters Digital Forensics Laboratory. You find that no policies, processes or procedures are currently in place. Do an Internet search to find information and examples, and then create a policy and/or procedure document to provide the structure necessary for your lab environment. Be sure to cite your resources.

 

Affordable Care Act And Medicaid
Research Paper Assignment: (SLOs 2-5, 7-8)

Evaluate and discuss Texas’s decision to refuse to expand Medicaid under the federal Affordable Care Act.

A core component of a well-functioning democratic society is having leaders who will be bound by ethical decision making. Your task for this paper is to evaluate and discuss Texas’ decision to refuse to expand Medicaid under the federal Affordable Care Act.

Within your paper—and keeping in mind and evaluating the ethical merits of this decision—you should address the arguments in support of—and opposition to—this decision. What evidence is there that lends credence to each side of the argument? Finally, this decision had political implications. What were those implications, and how do those realities enhance your understanding of how politics works? You must draw a conclusion and justify your position.

Paper Guidelines

-Minimum of 1,000 words (the words in your title and references page DO NOT COUNT); For every word under 1,000, I will deduct one point from your grade. This means if your paper is 900 words or fewer, you get a zero.

-Minimum of 3 sources

-Use the APA style of formatting

-Paper must be typed

-Late papers are deducted 20 points per day.

-You will get a ZERO on this assignment if: You don’t turn it in or
You don’t cite your sources in the body of your paper

 

Papers are graded in the order that they are submitted to me. You can generally expect to receive your grade two to three weeks from the date of submission.

 

Case study

Health Policy and Politics, A Nurses Guide, by Milstead, p 240

Analyze what might have transpired if Annie did not have a nursing background.

List the breakdowns in communication that occurred and the potential ramifications.

Did the advance practice nurse’s office fulfill a meaningful use stage 2 requirements of providing secure electronic communication between

the patient and healthcare provider?

Choose a contemporary moral issue in our society and apply the ethical doctrine of Utilitarianism to defend this issue. You must pick a moral

issue that you strongly support and agree with. The paper must be done in MLA format with a minimum of 500 words (quotes are not included in

the word count)

CONTENTS

Practical No. Page

1. Introduction to microscopy and measurement of cellular structures using an eye piece graticule/Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining of cheek

cells [to be peer-assessed during session itself] 2

2. Observation of chromosomes undergoing mitosis in onion root tips [to be peer-assessed during session itself] 7

3. Measurement of enzyme activity in different subcellular fractions obtained from liver cells (over 2 weeks).

9

Assessment portfolio (submit electronically via Turnitin – hand-in deadline: 29/1/18)

Write-up practical No. 3 in the form of a scientific paper i.e. Title, Abstract (300 words), Introduction (300 words) Methods (300 words), Results

(300 words [plus graphs where appropriate]), Discussion (300 words), Conclusion (bullet points) and References (Preferably Harvard style – you

should aim to have at least 5-6 references). (NB word counts shown in brackets are the maximum amounts you are allowed per section.)

1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROSCOPY
Bright-Field Light Microscopy (Bright Field)
Light rays from an illumination source are focused on the specimen to be examined by a condenser lens. The light rays leaving the specimen (mounted

onto a slide, and placed onto the stage) are focused into a magnified image by two lenses placed at either end of a tube. The lens near to the

specimen is called the objective lends and the one near the eye is called the ocular (or eyepiece) lens.

The extent to which a microscope can distinguish fine details in the specimen as separate, distinct image points is termed resolution.

In the light microscope:
Resolution (symbol: d) = 0.61 
n sin 
 is the wavelength of the light used to illuminate the microscope
n is the refractive index of the transmitting medium surrounding the specimen/filling the space between specimen and objective lens.
 is the half angle of the cone of light entering the objective lens from the specimen
0.61 is a constant describing the degree to which image points can overlap and still be recognised as separate points by the observer.

Since resolution is a measure of the ability of a microscope to image fine details, the quantity ‘d’ becomes smaller as resolution improves.

Therefore for best resolution ‘0.61 ’ should take on the smallest possible value, and ‘n sin ’ the largest possible value (eg. the value of n can

be pushed to its maximum by placing a drop of immersion oil [refractive index 1.5] in the space between the objective lens and the specimen).

The best resolution possible with a light microscope is 0.2m or 200nm because for visible light,  = 450nm. However, in a fluorescence microscope,

resolution is enhanced to 0.1m or 100nm, because ultraviolet light has a  of 250 nm.

A) MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION OF DIMENSIONS USING AN EYE PIECE GRATICULE (approx. 1 hour). (NB. Work in pairs; always clean eye pieces and

lens with microscope lens tissue (never use any other type of tissue)).

Using a light microscope it is possible to accurately measure the sizes of objects using an eye piece graticule and a stage micrometer. The

graticule fits inside the eye piece of the lens, and has a fine scale etched upon it; the eye piece graticule’s scale has to be calibrated using a

stage micrometer slide (basically a microscope slide with a fine scale of 1mm, divided into 100 graticule units, imprinted on it).

1. Using the 10x objective, focus on the stage micrometer slide scale. You will find that approximately 100 eyepiece units (e.p.u.) is

equivalent to 100 graticule units (1mm). Therefore 1 e.p.u. is equal to 1/100 x 1mm = 0.01mm or 10m (microns).

2. Similarly, using the 40x objective, you can focus on the stage micrometer’s 1mm scale; you should find that approximately 100 e.p.u. is

equivalent to 25 graticule units (0.25mm). Therefore, 1 e.p.u. is equal to 1/100 x 0.25mm = 0.0025mm or 2.5m (microns).

3. You have already completed a ‘Microscopy’ competency test exercise using stage micrometers. However, if you wish to refresh your memories (&

if time allows), you can take the opportunity in the space below to determine whether the conversion factors given in steps 1 and 2 are correct for

your microscope.. (Show your calculations in both cases).

• Work out the conversion factor for the x10 objective on your microscope:

• Now work out the conversion factor for the x40 objective on your microscope:

• If an object has a diameter of 17 graticule units with the x40 objective, what is its actual diameter in microns?

• If an object is 28microns in length, how many eyepiece graticule units will its length be when viewed with the x10 objective?
B. HAEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING OF CHEEK CELLS (approx. 2h 30min)

In this practical session, we will use the calculations/conversions performed last week using an eye piece graticule and a stage micrometer in order

to produce scale drawings of buccal epithelial cells obtained via a ‘cheek scrape’ protocol.

Consenting to Participate in this Practical
• For consent to be valid:
• The participant should understand what the activity involves, & what the risks are.
• The participant should give consent voluntarily, and should have the capacity to agree to the activity.
• Written consent serves as valid evidence that consent has been given
• You will cover ‘consent’ as a general topic in the ‘Analytical Research Methods’ module, but in this case, the introduction to this

practical, & the informed consent form currently being circulated, provide a means by which you can give informed consent to participate.
• (NB. You do not have to participate in this practical, and can withdraw at any time, if you so wish.)

‘Cheek Scrape’ Protocol (wear gloves at all times):

1. Collect a cheek scrape from your mouth using a wooden spatula; prepare a smear and allow to air dry, then fix in 95% ethanol for 1-2 mins.

2. Transfer the specimen to 50% alcohol for a few seconds and then wash in distilled water

3. Stain in Harris’s haematoxylin 10 mins.

1. Wash in water.

2. Destain the cytoplasm by very briefly washing the slide (1-2 secs) in acid alcohol (1% HCl + 70% ethanol).

3. Wash in water.

4. Counterstain the cytoplasm in 1% eosin for 3 mins

5. Wash in water for 1 min.

6. Mount specimen in DPX resin (in the fume cupboard)

Make scale-drawings of the samples you have prepared. (NB. If you have not succeeded in preparing samples, please note that an inventory of

microscope slides is available; you can sign out slides, and use them as the basis for your scale-drawings.)

Draw your observations at x100 and x400 magnification. Indicate on your diagram cell sizes, and of the length of 2-3 nuclei – this should be used in

order to calculate the mean size of a nucleus (NB. all measurements MUST be in microns (uM)).

Notes/Scale Drawings for Practical 1.

NB. Questions based on this session have been included in an online quiz, which will become available to students on the APS4003 Moodle site from

the end of the session on the Friday morning until midnight the following Wednesday. Students will need to submit their answers before Wednesday

night, & then will be able to view their individual online feedback via Moodle on Thursday. An approx. 20-30 min slot at the beginning of the next

practical session (ie. on the following Friday) will be used to field any queries, & to use the big screens in the teaching lab to take the entire

group through the quiz.

2) OBSERVATION OF CHROMOSOMES UNDERGOING MITOSIS IN ONION ROOT TIPS

To put into practice what was covered before the break, we will now use the calculations/conversions performed previously (see above) using an eye

piece graticule and a stage micrometer in order to produce scale drawings of chromosomes undergoing mitosis obtained via an ‘onion root tip’

protocol.

‘Onion Root Tip’ Protocol (wear gloves)

1. Cut off about 2 mm of root tip from onion.

2. Fix root tips in Carnoy’s fluid for 10 mins in a Bijou tube.

3. Remove root tip from Carnoy’s fluid and place in a Petri dish containing distilled water. Wash in water for 2 minutes.

4. Place a root tip in 1ml of 1M HCl in an Eppendorf tube and incubate at 60C for 5 mins

5. Pour contents of tube into a petri dish and carefully pick out the root tips with forceps. Place the root tips in an Eppendorf tube

containing aceto-orcein and leave in the dark for 10 mins.

6. Place the root tip on a slide in a drop of 45% acetic acid and cover with a cover slip.

7. Squash the softened, stained root tip by lightly tapping on the cover slip with a pencil. The root tip should spread out as a pink mass.

8. View using x 400 light microscopy. You should be able to see chromosomes in various stages of mitosis.

9. Make scale-drawings in pencil of the samples you have prepared, using x 400 magnification (make at least 2 drawings showing different stages

of mitosis; include indications of the dimensions of the cells undergoing mitosis, and calculate the mean length of the cells you have drawn). (NB.

all measurements MUST be in microns (uM)).

(NB. If you have not succeeded in preparing samples, please note that an inventory of microscope slides is available; you can sign out slides, and

use them as the basis for your scale-drawings.)

Notes/Scale Drawings for Practical 1.

NB. Questions based on this session have been included in an online quiz, which will become available to students on the APS4003 Moodle site from

the end of the session on the Friday morning until midnight the following Wednesday. Students will need to submit their answers before Wednesday

night, & then will be able to view their individual online feedback via Moodle on Thursday. An approx. 20-30 min slot at the beginning of the next

practical session (ie. on the following Friday) will be used to field any queries, & to use the big screens in the teaching lab to take the entire

group through the quiz.

3. Cellular Locations of Metabolic Enzymes

Introduction

Within the cell, enzymes/multienzyme systems have characteristic intracellular locations. For example, in eukaryotic cells glycolysis occurs in the

cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrial membrane, and electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur on

the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, this metabolic compartmentalisation does not necessarily mean that these systems act in complete

independence, as transport mechanisms allow transport of metabolic intermediates between different cellular compartments.

The objective of this practical is to fractionate liver cells, and to determine the cellular locations of some important metabolic enzymes.

Practical 3, Session 1

Prac 1a. Preparation of Liver Homogenate and Cell Fractions

Theory – When liver is homogenised in isotonic media by mild procedures, the cell nuclei and mitochondria remain relatively intact. These

subcellular structures can then be centrifuged out of the homogenate, leaving behind in the supernatant all the soluble components of the liver –

including the cytoplasmic enzymes. (NB. However, mitochondria prepared in this way do not exhibit many of the properties demonstrable in more

carefully isolated preparations. The membranes are ‘leaky’, with the result that many small molecules can permeate the mitochondrial membranes).

Mitochondria may then be completely lysed by addition of the detergent Triton, which lyses the mitochondrial membranes and liberates all of the

proteins present in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Method

1. Homogenise 30g of fresh liver in isotonic KCl (9ml per gram of tissue).

2. Strain homogenate through several layers of surgical gauze.

3. Centrifuge homogenate at 3500 rpm for 10 mins remove and retain supernatant (A), wash pellet, resuspend in 10 ml isotonic saline and label

liver particulate (B).

4. Pipette 2 ml of liver particulate (mix tube before pipetting as particles will sediment) into a clean test tube and add 0.1 ml of 2% Triton

and mix. Label this fraction as lysed liver particulate (C).

5. You should have three fractions: A Liver Supernatant, B Liver Particulate and C Liver Lysed.

Store all fractions on ice.

Prac 1b. Determination of Lactate and Malate Dehydrogenase

Theory-
i) Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyses the reaction:-

Malate + NAD+  NADH + H+

MDH activity can be assayed by measurement of the production of NADH. In this experiment, the NADH formed is used to reduce a dye which when reduced

is red-coloured; hence NADH formation (and thus MDH activity) can be determined using a spectrophotometer. In fact two electron acceptors are

actually employed – phenazine methosulphate (PMS) accepts electrons from NADH and transfers them to the electron acceptor iodophenyl nitrophebyl

tetrazolium chloride (INT), which turns red on accepting these electrons.

NADH PMS Formazan (red colour)

NAD+ PMSH2 INT

ii) Similarly, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the reaction:-

Lactate + NAD+  pyruvate + NADH + H+

The NADH formed in this reaction (and thus LDH activity) can also be determined spectrophotometrically via monitoring of generation of a red colour,

using a PMS, INT cocktail.

Method

1. Label 9 test tubes:
(1: Lactate/Fraction A; 2: Lactate/Fraction B; 3: Lactate/Fraction C; 4: Malate/Fraction A; 5: Malate/Fraction B; 6: Malate/Fraction C; 7:

Water/Fraction A; 8: Water/Fraction B; 9: Water/Fraction C).

2. Pipette 2 ml of the INT/PMS cocktail into each test tube.

3. Add 0.1 ml of lactate (into tubes 1-3, to assay for LDH), 0.1 ml of malate (into tubes 4-6, to assay MDH), or 0.1ml of ddH2O (to act as

controls). Mix well in all cases.

Start the enzyme reaction by adding 250l* of Fraction A to tubes 1, 4 and 7; 25l* of Fraction B to tubes 2, 5 and 8; or 25l* of Fraction C to

tubes 3, 6 and 8. Mix well in all cases. [*Note: Depending on the enzyme activity in each of your fractions, you may need to alter the volume of

fraction used, and re-run your assay (eg. if the absorbance at the end of the assay is very high, the INT has probably been used up before the end

of the assay, and therefore the assay should be re-run using a smaller volume of fraction)].

4. After 5 mins, stop the reaction by adding 3 ml of n-propanol/1 M HCl to each of the tubes. Mix well in all cases.

5. Measure the absorbance of each tube at 540 nm for each incubation.

6. Subtract the absorbance seen in the respective ‘water-control’ sample from that seen in each fraction, in order to calculate the change in

absorbance/min/ml in each case.

If time allows, you should perform these enzyme assays in triplicate, and calculate mean values in each case.

Practical 3, Session 2

Estimation of Protein Concentration

Theory Polypeptide concentration may be estimated from the colour of a chelate formed at room temperature between copper in alkaline solution and

the nitrogen atoms of peptide bonds. This is termed the Biuret reaction. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used to standardize the colour reaction. Each

protein has a unique amino acid composition and a slightly varying colour yield will be given per unit mass of polypeptide. An assay of unknown

protein by this method gives results which are really expressed in terms of the equivalent concentration of BSA.

Method

1. You are provided with a protein solution of concentration 10 mg/ml. Prepare 5 standards with concentrations varying from 0 to 10 mg/ml.

2. Mix 2ml of each standard or Fraction (A. B or C) with 3 ml of Biuret reagent (i.e. you should have 8 tubes!)

3. Incubate for 30 min and read the absorbance at 600 nm. [*HINT:- all the test solutions must be within the absorbance range of your standard

curve. Depending on the protein concentration in each of your fractions, you may need to alter the volume of fraction used, and re-run your assay].

4. Calculate the concentration of protein in mg/ml of each fraction.

5. Combine the LDH or MDH activity data (obtained in Session 1) with the protein concentration data (obtained in Session 2) in order to obtain

specific activity data (i.e. enzyme activity per unit mass of protein).

Notes for Practical 3.

Functional Anatomy
Student Name___________________________ Section________________________
Review for Week 1 Readings
Fill in the Diagram

What is the difference between a displaced and non-displaced fracture?

Define as related to fracture healing:
Non-Union:
Mal-Union:
Delayed Union:

What is Open Reduction vs Closed Reduction treatment of a fracture?
Explain Wolff’s Law:

Defineand provide 2 examples for the following articulations:
1. Fibrous Articulation-

Example 1. _________________________________ Example 2. ____________________________
2. Cartilaginous Articulation-

Example 1.__________________________________ Example 2. _________________________________

3. Synovial Articulation –

Example 1. ___________________________________ Example 2_______________________________

Provide an example for the following “Subtypes” of a Synovial Joint (Clarkson pg. 5 can help)
A. Condyloid (bicondylar)-
B. Pivot/ Rotational –
C. Saddle (sellar)-
D. Hinge (ginglymus)-
E. Gliding (plane)-
F. Ball and Socket (spheroidal)-

Define Active vs Passive Insufficiency. Provide examples and use the above image as a reference:

Define Arthrokinematics:
In your words explain 2 Arthrokinematic Motions:
1.
2.
What is the concave-convex rule? Provide an example in the body.

Define what the therapist experiences when assessing an End Feel-

Fill in the table based on Normal End Feels
End Feel Description
Hard
Firm
Soft

Abnormal End Feels:
End Feel Description/Example
Empty
Boggy
Spasm
Unexpected Hard, Soft or Firm Example: A hard end feel noted with elbow flexion after ORIF may indicate hardware in the joint space.

Define the following muscle contractions:
Isometric contraction:
Concentric contraction:
Eccentric contraction:

How can Joint Position affect muscle strength?

Define the following terms:
Agonists

Antagonists

Synergists

Stabilizers or Fixators

Describe an Open Chain Exercise:

Describe a Closed Chain Exercise:

In your words describe the Length-Tension Relationship of muscle tissue:

Substantive Post:

A substantive discussion posting consists of the following characteristics:

Reflection about meaning: Describe thoughtfully what something means or new insights it provides, or raise a question as a seed for clarification or further discussion.

Analysis: Discuss relevant themes, concepts, main ideas, components, or relationships among ideas, or, identify hidden assumptions or fallacies in reasoning.

Elaboration: Build on ideas of others or ideas found in the readings by adding details, examples, a different viewpoint,. or other relevant information.

Application: Provide examples of how principles or concepts can be applied to actual situations, or discuss the implications of theory for practice.

Synthesis: Integrate multiple views to provide a summary, a new perspective, or a creative refashioning of ideas. Evaluation: Assess the accuracy, reasonableness, or quality of ideas.

 

The primary answer should have at least 2 scholarly sources, one can be the textbook, no Wikipedia.

A good discussion is at least 100 words in the main answer.